经济学专业 财经英语-4

财经英语FinancialandEconomicEnglishReviewofFormerUnits--Unit1Whatiseconomics?thestudyofmankindintheordinarybusinessoflife;examinesthatpartofindividualandsocialactionwhichismostcloselyconnectedwiththeattainmentandwiththeuseofthematerialrequisitesofwell-beingthestudyofdecision-makingeconomicsmaterialrequisitedecisionmakingvaluejudgmentindustrialrelationssocialforceseconomicsystemhistoricalbackgroundpoliticalforcesWhatisthebasiceconomicproblem?Scarcitywhichwantsaretobesatisfiedfirst,andonhowresourcesaretobeallocatedandcombinedtosatisfythewantsofthecommunityWhatandhowmuchtoproduce,andhowtodistributethegoodsandservicesproducedscarcityaresourcewhichcanbeusedformorethanonepurposeisindemand,andthereforeachoicemustbemadeonhowtoallocatetheresourceamongthecompetingpurposesallocateresourceseconomicresourcesland,labor,andcapitalopportunitycostthewantwhichwasgivenupwastherealcostofthewantwhichwassatisfiedpricemechanismmarketmechanismtheprocessbywhichpricesriseandfallasaresultofchangesindemandandsupplyeffectivedemandadesiretoobtainanarticleaccompaniedbytheabilityandwillingnesstopayforitatthepriceaskedReviewofUnit2lawofdemandbuyersarelikelytobuymoreofanitemasthepricefallslawofsupplyaspricesrise,sellerswouldliketosellmoreandwill,ifitispossible,offeralargerquantityforsale.demandcurvesupplycurvedemandschedulesupplyscheduleverticalaxishorizontalaxiscovercostmakeprofitequilibriumpriceatwhichthebuyerispreparedtobuythequantitywhichthesellerispreparedtosellatthatprice,sothemarketisclearedandthereisnosurplusandnoshortage.consumertastepriceelasticityofdemandmeasureshowgreatlyapricechangeaffectsachangeindemandtherelativechangeinquantitydemandedinresponsetoasmallchangeinpricepriceelasticindemandpriceinelasticindemandhavenosuitablesubstitute,andpeopleareunwillingorunabletogiveupReviewofUnit3diminishingmarginalutilityorsatisfactionthepleasureorsatisfactiondiminishesastheybuyeachextraunit,untiltheyreachsaturationpointderiveddemandconsumersovereigntytheconsumersaresupremeandtheirdecisionsareall–importantindecidingwhatshallbeproduceandhowproductionshallbedistributed.capitalisteconomysocialcostinitiativelegislationUnitFourCostofproductionEconomiesanddiseconomiesofscaleNewwordsconceivableadj.thatyoucanimagineorbelieveThediseasecouldconceivablybetransferredtohumans.conceivetoimaginesth.Godisoftenconceivedofasmale.conceivev.conceptn.conceptionn.conceivableadj.(=/=inconceivable)conceptualadj.altruisticadj.altruismaltruistegoisticegoismegoistprofit=totalrevenue–totalcostprofitableadj.aprofitableinvestmentShespentaprofitableafternooninthelibrary.profitabilityn.toincreaseprofitabilityprofitablyadv.Hespenttheweekendprofitably.subtleadj.notverynoticeableorobviousShe'sbeendroppingsubtlehintsaboutwhatshe'dlikeasapresent.subtlyadv.forgovt.todecidenottohaveordosththatyouwouldliketohaveordodowithout,giveup,sacrifice,surrender,yieldHeagreedtosurrenderallclaimstotheproperty.yieldTheincomereturnonaninvestment.resistexplicitimplicitplicate有褶的;outlayn.overspendexpendinvestoutlaycostTheflowercostme50yuan.takeThisbooktakesme30yuan.spendShespends15yuanonthispen.accountantAprofessionalpersonwhoperformsaccountingfunctions.CertifiedPublicAccountant(CPA)Adesignation称号givenbytheAmericanInstituteofCertified认证PublicAccountants(orTheChineseInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountantsCICPA)tothosewhopassanexamandmeetwork-experiencerequirements.accountforTherecessionaccountsfortheslowretailbusinessaccountinginterest1.Thechargefortheprivilegeofborrowingmoney,typicallyexpressedasanannualpercentagerate.interestrate2.Theamountofownershipastockholderhasinacompany,usuallyexpressedasapercentage.Someonewhoholdsmorethan5-10%ofthestockinacompanyissaidtoholdsignificantinterest.operationactivityorworkdoneinanareaofbusinessorindustry:thefirm'sbankingoperationsoverseastheUNpeacekeepingoperationsoperatingexpensesoperationsresearchreallocate~sth(tosb/sth)Governmentfundswerereallocatedtothenewlocalauthorities.redistributeWealthneedstoberedistributedfromtherichtothepoor.forfeittolosesthorhavesthtakenawayfromyoubecauseyouhavedonesthwrong:forfeitureThelossofanasset,orrightstoanasset,asaresultofdefaultingoncontractualobligationsorconditions.derivederivesthfromsthDerivationfinancialderivativeslemonadeorangeadelemonAverydisappointinginvestment.Yourexpectedreturnwasn'tevenclosetobeingachieved.themarketforlemonsbookkeeperpersonwhosejobistokeepanaccuraterecordoftheaccountsofabusiness区别于accountantsupervisorsupervisesuperintendpresumablypresumeassumepropertyAnythingoverwhichapersonorbusinesshaslegaltitle.Anotherwayofsayingrealproperty,realestateorlandExpressionsprofit-maximizingoutputinputkeeptrackoffinancialstatementnegativesocialcostThinkingwhilereadingthetext1.whatistherelationshipbetweenafirm’stotalrevenue,profit,andtotalcost?2.whatistherelationshipbetweenafirm’stotalcost,averagetotalcost,andmarginalcost?3.giveanexampleofasocialcostwhichispaidforbysocietybutnotbyth