中考英语语法专项复习——名词

中考英语语法专项——名词泺怡JessicaEssex,EnglandPipPipisaboyfromasmallvillageinEssex.Heliveswithhisoldersister.Hissister’shusbandhasanironworkshop.Hedoesn’thavemuchknowledgebuthelovesPipandthefamilyverymuch.个体名词物质名词抽象名词集体名词专有名词名词专有名词普通名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词boyfamilyknowledgeironPip,Essex可数名词不可数名词一、名词的分类普通名词二、名词复数的构成规则•His______(parent)haddiedwhenhewasa____(baby).•1.一般在单数名词后加s•parent-parents•2.辅音字母+y:变y为i+es•baby-babies•Hefoundsomebread,cheese,_____(tomato),andabigmeatpieontheshelfinthekitchen.•3.以o结尾+es：•tomato-tomatoes•potato-potatoes•hero-heroes•shelf-shelves•4.以f(e)结尾的名词：变f(e)为v,加es.•妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。•wife,knife,wolf,thief,shelf,self,life,half,leaf•ThenPipwenttoJoe’s___(box)oftoolstofindthetool.•5.以s,x,sh,ch结尾：+es•box-boxes•Therearetwelveinayear.•months•WhenPipwasinthegraveyard,amanjumpedupfromthegravesandgrabbedhim.•man-men不规则变化•1.单复同形•sheep,deer•Chinese,JapaneseGerman-GermansAmerican-AmericansAustralian-Australians•Onthefarm,theyhavemorethan2000______.•A.pigB.sheepC.cow•Theyarefrom.Theyare.•A.Germany;Germans•B.Germans;Germany•C.German;Germany•D.Germany;Germen•2.改变内部元音字母•foot-feet•tooth-teeth•mouse-mice•man-men•woman-women•Policeman-policemen•Frenchman-Frenchmen•Englishman-Englishmen•3.•child-children•Twodiedintheaccident.•terribleitis!•A.policemen;How•B.policeman;What•C.police;What•D.policemans;How三、不可数名词和可数名词的特点比较•ThenthemanturnedPipupside-downandshookPip._____(一片面包)felloutofPip’spocket.不可数名词的计量：数词+单位词+of+不可数名词•-Goodmorning,madam.CanIhelpyou?•-Sure,I’dlikeforcookingvegetables.•A.twocupsofcoffee•B.threepiecesofbread•C.onebowlofdumplings•D.fivekilosofoil•Ifoundsomebread,cheese,tomatoes,andabigmeatpieontheshelfinthekitchen.可数名词修饰词：many,few,afew,agreat/largenumberof不可数名词修饰词：much,little,alittle,agreatdealof可数/不可数名词修饰词：alotof/lotsof/plentyof/some•Youshouldtellpossibletosupportyourideas.•A.asmanyinformationsas•B.asmuchfactas•C.asmanyfactsas•D.asmanynewsas四、名词所有格•Theman’sclothesisverydirty.•Thecoloroftheclothesisgrey.•Theothermanisn’tafriendofthisman’s.s所有格of所有格双重属格1.‘s所有格•Magwitch’sandConstance’sclothesarethesame.•MagwitchandConstance’sshipisbig.1.’s所有格大多用于有生命名词2.共有：AandB’s分有A’sandB’s•mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.•A.TimandPeter’s•B.Tim’sandPeter•C.Tim’sandPeter’s•D.TimandPeter•Thetwoprisoners’clothesarethesame.•Thetwomen’sclothesarethesame.3.复数名词所有格：词尾有s，加’；词尾无s,加’s。•Magwitchonlyhadfewhours’sleep,becausehe’shungryandcold.名词+’s类所有格也用于少数表无生命事物的名词，主要用于表时间、距离等的名词。•-Howfarisyourcousin’shomefromhere?•-It’sabouttwodrive.•A.hour’sB.hours•C.hours’D.hour•Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikeintime?•A.20years’•B.20year’s•C.20-years’•D.20-years•Pipranbacktohissister’squickly.名词+’(s)表示某人的家或某某店铺的名称。2.Of所有格•Thecolorofitisgrey.of属格往往用于无生命的事物。3.双重属格ThisisaphotoofPip.ThisisaphotoofPip’s.双重属格表示某整体中的一部分，强调部分与整体的关系。•MrsBondisanoldfriendof.•A.Jackmother•B.Jackmother’s•C.Jack’smother•D.Jack’smother’s五、名词作定语•Piphastwowomenteachersandamanteacher.woman/man作定语，如果修饰单数名词，用单数形式；如果修饰复数名词，用复数形式。六、集体名词的特点•Peopleinthevillage___(be)allveryfrightened.people,police,cattle等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。•people•onepeople•peoples人们：manypeople;aman/person一个民族许多民族•Pip’sfamily___(be)notrich.•Pip’sfamily___(be)allverykind.family等集合名词做主语，强调整体：谓语单数；强调成员，谓语复数。类似的集合名词：team,school,army,group,class等(2008)23.-Whatkindofisyourfavorite,Kevin?-Chinesefood!Ilikeitverymuch!A.cityB.foodC.sportD.book(2008)30.Theinthepictureisakindofanimal.Ilearnedaboutthatinmybiologyclass.A.cabbageB.robotC.dolphinD.ruler(2009)23.–What’syour,Rick?-Ilikecollectingcoins.A.ageB.nameC.jobD.hobby(2009)31.Mary’sskirtisthesameasher_______.A.sistersB.brotherC.sister’sD.brothers(2009)37.We’rebusybecausewehavesohouseworktodotoday.A.fewB.littleC.manyD.much(2010)28.-I’mthirsty.Couldyougetmesomethingtodrink?-Sure.Here’ssome,please.A.breadB.meatC.waterD.kite(2010)34.-Whoseroomisthis?-It’s.A.KateB.John’sC.myD.our(2011)28-Jim,isheyour?-Yes,heis.A.brotherB.sisterC.motherD.aunt(2011)42-Wedon’thaveanyvegetablefordinner.Couldyoubuysome?-Yes,sure.A.bananasB.milkC.breadD.tomatoes(2012)28-What’syourfavoritefruit?-Ilikebest.A.applesB.broccoliC.potatoesD.cabbages(2012)47.-I’mhungry.MayIhavesome?-Ofcourse.Butdon’teattoomuch.A.breadB.noodleC.dumplingD.hamburger