英语句子的基本结构

WritingCourseRequirement课程要求上课专心听讲，做好笔记踊跃发言，敢于提出自己的问题和见解课后认真完成作业Syllabus学期课程安排Sep1-27Unit1-5GrammarTraining9月1-27日语法训练Sep28-Oct25Unit13-15GrammarTraining9月28日-10月25日表达方式训练Oct26-Nov29Unit17-19StructureTraining10月26日-11月29日文章结构训练AttheendofNovemberMid-term11月末期中考试December–Theendofthissemester后半学期Unit6-12SpecializedTrainingonWriting写作专题训练WritingTask课堂活动WriteashortpassageaboutyourselfRequirement:1.Writeapassageaboutyourself.(100-150words)写一遍自我介绍的文章2.Youcanwritefromtheviewoffirst-personorthird-person.第一/三人称3.Youcanwriteanythingaboutyourself,forexamplename,height,age,hobbies,theplaceyoulike,etc.BasicSentenceStructure句子的基本结构BasicSentenceStructureWordSentenceParagraphPassage正确运用符合规则逻辑关系结构Whatisasentence？Whatarethetwobasicelementstoformasentence?指至少有一个主语（Subject）和动词（verb），并能表达完整意思的词的集合。Fragment指的是没有主语或者动词，或者不能表达完整意思的词的集合。句子的主体，全句述说的对象，一般由名词、主格代词、动词不定式或者动名词担任。常置于句首。Subject主语Tomneedsapen.Ilikeplayingfootball.Takingawalkisverygoodexercise.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessintheworld.说明主语的动作或者状态。由动词担任。常置于主语后。Predicate谓语Thetrainleavesat6:00.Myhobbyisreadingbooks.SallyhasbeentotheU.S.Afor10years.Hedidn’treturntomeforhelp.宾语跟在及物动词后，有直接和间接之分，可以用下面这些东西表示：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.动名词5.不定式6.复合结构7.名词化的形容词Object宾语Shediedaheroicdeath.Tonyhatesher.Thesuccessfulrateis100%.Object宾语MygrandmotherenjoyswatchingTVseries.Timwasaskedtospeakinfrontofthewholeschool.IinsistedonMary’scominghere.Theseseatsareforthedisabled.Object宾语宾语又分为直接宾语（ObjectDirect）和间接宾语（ObjectIndirect）Youlentmeyourdictionary.Mymotherboughtmybrotheracomputer.直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语Predicative表语Timisateacher.Thetomatoesseemrotten.Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Hisplanturnsoutasuccess.表语是用来说明主语的特征、状态、性质，放置在系动词之后。BasicSentencePatterns基本句子结构系动词包括以下几类：1.be，seem,appear2.look,sound,taste,smell,feel(感官类)3.get,turn,become,go,grow(变化类)4.stay,remain,keep,continue(维持类)修饰名词或代词的词、短语或者从句称为定语。Attributive定语Guilinisabeautifulcity.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.Heisreadingabookthathehasneverread.TimiswritinganarticleabouthowtoimproveEnglish.Adverbial状语Theyweregreatlytouchedtoheartheoldman’sstory.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix？Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.状语类似于副词，可以分为目的状语、时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语、让步状语、比较状语、条件状语和结构状语。Adverbial状语Iamtallerthanheis.Sheworksveryhardtoughsheisold.Hefeltsotiredthathefellasleepquickly.Rosedidn’tgotothepartylastnightbecauseoftherain.状语类似于副词，可以分为目的状语、时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语、让步状语、比较状语、条件状语和结果状语。Complement补语Letthefreshairin.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodconditions.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityis.Wesawherenteringtheroom.补语可以分为主语补足语和宾语补足语。主语补足语一般很少见，宾语补足语出现的频率很大。宾语补足是对句子中的宾语的一种补充说明。同位语是对前面名词或者代词作进一步解释说明的成分。Appositive同位语Westudentsshouldrespectourteachers.Kitty,anAmericanteacher,willcometoourschool.1.Mrs.Blancohasgonetovisithermotheratthehospital.2.Findingaparkingspaceisusuallyeasyduringtheweek.3.Trafficisbusyduringtheeveningrushhour.4.Toapplyforajobatthenewstoreinthemall.Quiz小测试5.Francesfoundouthowexpensivethewallpaperingjobwouldbe.6.Shedecidedtodotheworkherself.7.Thenineteen-year-oldcarlookedoutofplacenexttothenewmodels.8.ImetmybestfriendSophieatthestationyesterday.SentenceElementsObjectComplementVerbPhraseSubject谓语补语主语宾语SentenceElementsPredicativeAttributiveAdverbial定语状语表语Appositive同位语英语的句子结构简单句并列句复合句BasicSentencePatterns基本句子结构1.S+V主语+谓语（注：这种句型里的动词必须为不及物动词）Thetelephonerang.Hisfathermighthavedied.BasicSentencePatterns基本句子结构2.S+V+P主语+系动词+表语Theplansoundsperfect.Frankisanartist.Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachine.BasicSentencePatterns基本句子结构系动词包括以下几类：1.be，seem,appear2.look,sound,taste,smell,feel(感官类)3.get,turn,become,go,grow(变化类)4.stay,remain,keep,continue(维持类)BasicSentencePatterns基本句子结构3.S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语（注：这种句型里的动词必须为不及物动词）Isawabird.Mysisterenjoyedtheplay.Iliketodosportsinmyfreetime.BasicSentencePatterns基本句子结构4.S+V+O.I.+O.D.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语TheladygaveJackyawatch.Myfatherboughtmeabicycle.BasicSentencePatterns基本句子结构5.S+V+O+C主语+谓语+宾语+补语Theycallhimafool.Hefounditdifficulttokeepsilent.Thebossmadetheworkerworklonghours.