英语翻译技巧汇总1

异化与归化1•在原语与目的语有共同的表达方式时，异化是最快捷有效的方法。•asgentleasalamb，（像羊一样温和）温顺如羊•asgayasalark，（像云雀一样欢跃）兴高采烈•asproudaspeacock，（像孔雀一样骄傲）•asuglyasatoad（像癞蛤蟆一样丑陋）像个丑八怪•ashardasflint（像燧石一样坚硬）冷酷无情、铁石心肠•aslikeastwopeas（像两颗豆一样相像）一模一样2•异化揭示了深层含义，又再现了原文的表层形式，一方面丰富和完善了汉语的表达力，使表达意思的手段更准确，更多样化；另一方面，也为我们了解西方文化打开了一扇窗户。3Sentencesforpractice•Don'tshedcrocodiletearstome;Iknowyouarereallygladthatthey'remetwithmisfortune.•Thegovernment'spolicyhasgivenagreenlighttothedevelopmentofoureconomy.•MyuncleCassidygivesmemoney!Pigsmightflyiftheyhadwings.•Theprimeminister'sremarkswereinterpretedasanolivebranchheldouttoallhisopponentswhohadfledthecountry.4•Don'tshedcrocodiletearstome;Iknowyouarereallygladthatthey'remetwithmisfortune.•Thegovernment'spolicyhasgivenagreenlighttothedevelopmentofoureconomy.•MyuncleCassidygivesmemoney!Pigsmightflyiftheyhadwings.•Theprimeminister'sremarkswereinterpretedasanolivebranchheldouttoallhisopponentswhohadfledthecountry.•别流鳄鱼眼泪(猫哭耗子假慈悲)了,我知道你巴不得我倒霉呢•政府的政策为经济发展开了绿灯.•我的叔叔给我钱!要是真的,那猪也会长翅膀飞上天了.•首相的讲话被理解为向所有逃往国外的政敌伸出的橄榄枝.5历史人物、地理名词有特定文化色彩的词语等须异化•Beautyliesinlover'seyes.•Manyheadsarebetterthanone.•Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim.•ablessingindisguise•afairweatherfriend6•情人眼里出美人.•一人不及众人计.•不要教鱼儿游泳.(不要班门弄斧)•(此处也不宜归化为具有浓厚汉语文化色彩的不要班门弄斧、不要关公面前耍大刀.)•祸中得福（塞翁失马）•不能共患难的朋友`（酒肉朋友）7•WhenGreekmeetGreek,thencomesthetugofwar（拔河比赛）.•希腊人与希腊人相对，必有一番苦斗•(势均力敌，必有激战)。•张飞遇张飞，杀得满天飞•语源自古希腊城市对马其顿国王腓及亚历山大的顽强抵抗，以后常用来说明两个勇士或两支勇敢的军队发生战斗时，打斗激烈的场面。两雄相遇，其斗必烈8Whenisforeignizingtranslationmosthelpful•异化有时能保持原文的生动形象，补充或丰富汉语词汇，使译文新鲜有力，该译法在政治用语上尤为多见9•Lameduck•Darkhorse•astick-and-carrotpolicy•1.跛鸭（即将卸任而未重新当选的官员）•2.黑马（原来不为人知，意外取胜的候选人或选手）；•3.大棒加胡萝卜政策10异化加注释•Thebestfishswim(are)nearthebottom.Fishbeginstostinkattheend.。Iftworideonahorse,onemustridebehind.Theapplesontheothersideofthewallarethesweetest.Don'tforgettocrossyourt's.11•Thebestfishswim(are)nearthebottom.好鱼居水底--有价值的东西不能轻易得到。Fishbeginstostinkattheend.•鱼要腐烂头先烂--上梁不正下梁歪。Iftworideonahorse,onemustridebehind.两人骑一匹马，总有一人坐在后面--两人参加的事只能一人为主。Theapplesontheothersideofthewallarethesweetest.隔墙的苹果最甜--这山看着那山高。Don‘tforgettocrossyourt’s.写时不要忘记t上面那一横--一言一行都不要马虎草率。（不要丢三落四）12Sentencesforpractice•PeopleconsideredthatwhathehadplayedonthatoccasionwasnomorethanaJudaskiss.•ThefavorsofGovernmentareliketheboxofPandora,withthisimportantdifference;thattheyrarelyleavehopeatbottom.13•PeopleconsideredthatwhathehadplayedonthatoccasionwasnomorethanaJudaskiss.人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻──居心险恶。ThefavorsofGovernmentareliketheboxofPandora,withthisimportantdifference;thattheyrarelyleavehopeatbottom.•政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子，后患无穷，主要不同之处是：盒底很少留有希望。14Whenisdomesticatingtranslationmosteffective?•当原语在目的语中找不到对应词，直译又无法把原意传递出来时，意译/归化是解决问题的有效方法。15英译汉时有时异化法翻译原文就会使译入语读者感到费解，甚至误解•astimidasahare•wetlikeadrownrat•asstubbornasamule•seekahareinahen'snest•asdumbasanoyster•cryupwineandsellvinegar•putbacktheclock•killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs•drinklikeafish16•astimidasahare胆小如鼠•（在西方文化中，兔子是胆小的象征，而在我国，兔子却象征着机警敏捷。人们常说：静若处子，动若脱兔。鼠在我国才是胆小的象征，所以翻译时直接加以归化。）•wetlikeadrownrat湿如落汤鸡•asstubbornasamule犟得像牛•seekahareinahen'snest缘木求鱼•asdumbasanoyster守口如瓶•leadadog'slife过着牛马一样的生活•cryupwineandsellvinegar挂羊头，卖狗肉•putbacktheclock开倒车,不顺应时势•killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs杀鸡取卵•drinklikeafish牛饮17Sentencesfordiscussion•Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.Somepreferturnipsandotherspears.asleanasarailItwasbynomeansabedofrose.Allshallbewell,JackshallhaveJill.DiamondscutDiamonds.Payonthespotandborrowalot;payslowandyou'llgetnodough.18•套译•套译就是借用汉语成语来翻译。由于文化背景不同，原文的形象有时不符合中国习俗，如直译出来寓意就会颇为费解，或原文的形象引起另一种联想，从而影响到原文意思的准确传达，这时大多可以采用套译。英汉习语形异义似时，有时可采用这种译法。例如：19•Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.宁为鸡首，不为牛后。•Somepreferturnipsandotherspears.萝卜白菜，各有所爱。（比译为“有人喜欢萝卜，有人喜欢梨”更能为中国读者所理解和接受。）asleanasarail骨瘦如柴（如直译为“瘦得像个横杆”，则不符合中国人习惯。）•Itwasbynomeansabedofrose.这决不是安乐窝。•Allshallbewell,JackshallhaveJill.有情人终成眷属。•DiamondscutDiamonds.棋逢对手，将遇良才。•Payonthespotandborrowalot;payslowandyou'llgetnodough.好借好还，再借不难。20•Oncethewifeofaparson,alwaysthewifeofaparson.•Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.•Amongtheblindtheone-eyedmanisKing.•Finefeathersmakefinebirds.21•(1)Oncethewifeofaparson,alwaysthewifeofaparson.•嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。•(2)Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.•一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。•Amongtheblindtheone-eyedmanisKing•山中无老虎，猴子称霸王。矬子中间拔将军。•Finefeathersmakefinebirds.•人靠衣裳马靠鞍嘛22•Iwaslimpasadishrag.Mybackfeltasthroughithadbeenbeatenwithwires.•EverybodysaidhowwellthenewSecretarywasdoing,butoldMr.Carrsaidshortly,Yes.Newbroomssweepclean.•Ithoughthewouldblowthegasket,hewassoangry.23•Iwaslimpasadishrag.Mybackfeltasthroughithadbeenbeatenwithwires.•我软得像一团棉花，脊背疼痛得好像被钢丝抽打过一样。•(原文中limpasadishrag，如直译为“像洗碟布一样柔软”，既不地道，又让人产生一种较恶心的感觉，不如用汉语中常说的“软得像一团棉花”加以归化。)cf.弱如残烛/软的像滩泥(常表示倒下后的样子)24•EverybodysaidhowwellthenewSecretarywasdoing,butoldMr.Carrsaidshortly,Yes.Newbroomssweepclean.•人人都说新任秘书干得好，但卡尔老先生/前辈却简慢地/淡淡的说：“也是.新官上任三把火。“•Ithoughthewouldblowthegasket,hewassoangry.•气炸了肺gasket引擎零件25•Sentencesforpractice•WhowouldhavethoughtofMr.Mottramdoingsowell?Andsomanyofhisfriends,too,thatusedtostayhere?Wewereentertainingangelsunawares.谁知道摩特兰先生干得那么出色？还有他那许多朋友，