高级英语第五课Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the

Lesson5SpeechonHitler’sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.ByWinstonS.ChurchillGermanyU.S.S.R.Hitler’sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.Non-aggressionPactThebriefintroductionofthiswar1.Knownasthe“INVASIONoftheSOVIETUNION”(June1941—Nov.1941)2.Sincethe1920s,theNazimovementhadmadeacorepolicyintheseizedprimelandwithinSovietbordersforlong-termGermansettlement.TheintentionofGerman:TodestructtheSovietUnionbymilitaryforce,andtoeliminatetheCommunist’sthreattoGermany.3.AdolfHitlerhadalwaysregardedtheGerman-Sovietnonaggressionpact(苏德互不侵犯协议）signedonAugust23,1939,asatemporarytacticalmaneuver.4.InJuly1940,justweeksaftertheGermanconquestofFranceandtheLowCountries【低地国家（指荷兰、比利时、卢森堡三个国家）】,HitlerdecidedtoattacktheSovietUnionwithinthefollowingyear.5.OnDecember18,1940,hesignedDirective21(code-namedOperationBarbarossa)(巴巴罗萨行动）,thefirstoperationalorderfortheinvasionoftheSovietUnion.6.Underthecodename“OperationBarbarossa,“NaziGermanyinvadedtheSovietUniononJune22,1941isthelargestGermanmilitaryoperationofWorldWarII.SovietrefugeeTheresultandinfluenceoftheOperationBarbarossa1.AdolfHitlerhadnotachievedtheexpectedvictory.2.OperationBarbarossa'sfailureledtoHitler'sdemandsforfurtheroperationsinsidetheUSSR,allofwhicheventuallyfailed,suchascontinuingtheSiegeofLeningrad（列宁格勒）,andBattleofStalingrad（斯大林格勒保卫战）amongotherbattlesontheoccupiedSovietterritory.3.OperationBarbarossaisstillthelargestmilitaryoperation,intermsofmanpowerandcasualties,inhumanhistory.4.ItsfailurewasaturningpointintheThirdReich‘s【第三帝国(指希特勒统治下的德国)】fortunes.ThemostfamouspostduringthewarSovietarmyinabattle.TheSniper(狙击手）ofSovietAembattled(严阵以待的）Sovietsoldierincoldwinter.AmotherofSovietwaskissingherson.Hewasgoingtojointhewar.UnionFlagUnionJackBritishMeteorFlagunionjack为什么是英国国旗的意思？联合王国国旗(英国国旗)unionjackJack是海军用语,指悬挂在舰首的旗帜,英国军舰舰首都悬挂国旗,因而得名。TheissueofwhetheritisacceptabletousethetermUnionJackisonethatcausesconsiderablecontroversy.AlthoughitisoftenassertedthatUnionJackshouldonlybeusedfortheflagwhenitisflownasajack(asmallflagflownatthebowofaship),itisnotuniversallyacceptedthattheJackofUnionJackisareferencetosuchajackflag;otherexplanationshavebeenputforward[1].Thetermpossiblydatesfromtheearly1700s,butitsoriginisuncertain.ThewordJackmayhavecomefromthenameoftheJamesVI,KingofScotswhoinheritedtheEnglishcrown,causingtheflagtobedesigned,thatisJacfromJacobus,LatinforJames.ThesizeandpoweroftheRoyalNavyinternationallyatthetimecouldalsoexplainwhytheflagwasnicknamedtheUnionJackconsideringthenavywassowidelyutilizedandrenownedbytheUnitedKingdomandCommonwealthcountriesitispossiblethatthetermJackdidoccurduetoitsregularusageonallBritishshipsusingtheJackStaff(aflagpoleattachedtoashiponthebow).EvenifthetermUnionJackdoesderivefromthejackflag(asperhapsseemsmostlikely),afterthreecenturies,ithasappearedinofficialusage,andremainsthepopularterm.TheBBCwebsitedisregardsthetermunionflagbecauseofitsgreatpotentialforconfusion,preferringunionjack.[2]Theterm“UnionFlag”,ontheotherhand,isthetermpreferredinofficialdocumentsbyvexillologists.旗帜学家BritishpoliticianandprimeministeroftheUnitedKingdomFullname:SirWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill(1874-1965)Hisnamestestifytotherichnessofhishistoricinheritance:Winston,aftertheRoyalistfamilywithwhomtheChurchillmarriedbeforetheEnglishCivilWar;（Winston）是古英语中的一个词，其意思是“开心的石头”和“胜利的村庄”，还有“战斗用的石头”的意思。Leonard,afterhisremarkablegrandfather,LeonardJeromeofNewYork;Spencer,themarriednameofadaughterofthe1stdukeofMarlborough,fromwhomthefamilydescended;Churchill,thefamilynameofthe1stduke,whichhisdescendentsresumedaftertheBattleofWaterloo.丘吉尔出生于英国的一个贵族家庭，他的祖上约翰・丘吉尔因在“光荣革命”中支持威廉三世，且又在对西班牙和法国的战争中做为军队总司令取得胜利而于1702年被安妮女王封为马尔巴罗公爵（DukeofMalborough），马尔巴罗家族在19世纪英国20个王室以外的公爵家族中名列第十。丘吉尔的父亲伦道夫・丘吉尔勋爵（dRandolphChurchill）是马尔巴罗公爵七世的第三个儿子，是保守党“樱草会”（保守党中的一个派系，以工人阶级为主）的创办人，曾担任过内阁中仅次于首相的财政大臣。丘吉尔的母亲珍妮・杰罗姆是美国百万富翁、《纽约时报》股东之一的伦纳德・杰罗姆的女儿。quickfactsBirthNovember30,1874DeathJanuary24,1965PlaceofBirthBlenheimPalace,Oxfordshire,EnglandPoliticalPartyConservativeOfficialTitlePrimeministerTerm1940-1945PrimeministeroftheUnitedKingdom1951-1955PrimeministeroftheUnitedKingdomKnownforLeadingtheUnitedKingdomandtheAlliestovictoryinWorldWarII.Award1953NobelPrizeinliteratureLittleChurchillAsasmallboyandayoungman,hewasneitherhappynorsuccessfulatschool.Butveryearlyinhislife,heexhibitedthephysicalcourageandloveofadventureandactionthathewastokeepthroughouthispoliticalcareer.HereportedthewaraffairsinSpain,IndiaandSudanasawarcorrespondent.LittleChurchillSirWinstonChurchill(1874-1965)WinstonChurchillwasbornonNov.30,1874.Hewastheeldestsoninthefamily.HewenttoHarrowin1888andthentotheRoyalMilitaryCollegeatSandhurst.Hewasneithersuccessfulnorhappyatschool.(OtherfamouspublicschoolsinEnglandareEton,Winchester,Charterhouse,Rugbyetc.)FactsaboutChurchillInschoolChurchillwasatthebottomofhisclass.Nothingshowedthathewouldbecome“thelargesthumanbeingofourtime”Physicallyhewasnotabigman-at5-foot-8hewasshorterthanHarryTruman.1895:HewascommissionedintheFourthHussars.Hesoonobtainedaleave,andworkedduringtheCubanwarasareporterfortheLondonDailyGraphic.1896---1897:Ch