科技论文翻译

EST--EnglishforScienceandTechnologyUnitOneScienceFeaturesofESTObjectivity(客观性)Scientistsareinterestedinmattersandprocesses,inpropertiesandchanges,innaturalphenomenaandscientificlawsClarity(明确性)Claritygreatlyfacilitateseffectivecommunicationbetweentheseprofessionals.Accuracy(准确性)Useaccuratelanguagetoexpressthemeaningsexactlyandclearlyinscientificstudies.Formality(正式)AchieveObjectivityandFormality1.TheUseofNounsandNounPhrasesTherateofevaporationofaliquidenormouslydependsontemperature.Thedependenceoftherateofevaporationofaliquidontemperatureisenormous.2.TheUseofPassiveVoiceWecanimproveitsperformancewhenweusesuper-heatedsteam.Animprovementofitsperformancecanbeaffectedbytheuseofsuper-heatedsteam.AchieveAccuracyinEST1.UsingSpecificExpressionsThereflectedlightwastakeninbythetransducer.Thereflectedlightwasabsorbedbythetransducer.(morespecific)2.UsingStatisticsandFiguresCostscanbereducedbythisprocess.Thisprocessconsumes5%lessfuelandproduces12%morepower.(morespecific)FeaturesofESTGrammaticalFeaturesofEST1.名词化结构2.时态3.广泛使用被动语态4.大量使用非限定性动词5.大量使用长复句Quiz1.Naturerubberisobtainedfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquidknownaslatex.Thisistreatedwithacidanddried,beforebeingdispatchedtocountriesallovertheworld.Astherubberindustrydeveloped,moreandmorerubberwasrequired.(日常英语文体)Peoplegetnaturalrubberfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquid,whichiscalledlatex.Theymixitwithacid,anddryit,andthentheysendittocountriesallovertheworld.Astherubberindustrygrew,peopleneededmoreandmorerubber.天然橡胶取自橡胶树,是一种叫做“乳胶”的白色乳状液体.在运往世界各国之前,橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干.随着橡胶工业的发展，橡胶的需求量越来越大。日常英语与科技英语词汇与表达式对照getwhichiscalledgrewwetweatherconditionstomeettheneedspeopletriedfoundawayartificial,man-madebetternotasgoodastodayisobtainedknownasdevelopedhumidclimatetosatisfytherequirementattemptsweremadeamethodwasdiscoveredsyntheticsuperiorinferiortoatpresentQuiz2.Whensteamiscondensedagaintowater,thesameamountofheatisgivenoutasitwastakeninwhenthesteamwasformed.当蒸汽重新冷却为水时,所释放出的热量与其原来形成蒸汽时所吸收的热量相等.3.Itwasunderstoodthatatomswerethesmallestelements.Itisknownnowthatatomsarefurtherdividedintonucleus(neutronsandprotons)andelectrons.以前人们认为原子是最小的元素,现在才知道原子还可以分为原子核(包括中子和质子)与电子。Quiz4.Experimentsshowthatthereisadefiniterelationshipbetweentheelectricalpressurethatmakesacurrentflow,therateatwhichtheelectricityflowsandtheresistanceoftheobjectorobjectsthroughwhichthecurrentpasses.实验表明,使电流流动的电压,电流流动的速率和电流所通过的物质的电阻这三者之间确有一定的相互关系.5.Theprogram,orpartofit,whichtellsthecomputerswhattodoandthedata,whichprovidetheinformationneededtosolvetheproblem,arekeptinsidethecomputerinaplacecalledmemory.指示计算机做什么的程序或部分程序,以及提供解决问题所需信息的数据都存储在计算机内的存储器里.PracticeText:PureandAppliedScience1.Purescienceisprimarilyconcernedwiththedevelopmentoftheories(orastheyarefrequentlycalled,models)establish-ingrelationshipsbetweenthephenomenaoftheuniverse.2.Appliedscience,ontheotherhand,isdirectlyconcernedwiththeapplicationoftheworkinglawsofpuresciencetothepracticalaffairsoflife,andtoincreasingman’scontroloverhisenvironment,thusleadingtothedevelopmentofnewtechniques,processesandmachines.PracticeTranslation:1.理论科学首先涉及到的是确立理论(或者人们常称之为模型),把宇宙间的种种现象联系起来.2.另一方面,应用科学却直接关联到把理论科学现行的定律应用于实际生活之中,以增强人类对环境的控制能力,从而导致新技术的发展、新工艺的制定和新机器的研制。PracticeThusthestudyofradioactivitybeganasapieceofpureresearch,butitsresultsarenowappliedinagreatnumberofdifferentways---incancertreatmentinmedicine,thedevelopmentoffertilizersinagriculture,thestudyofmetal-fatigueinengineering,inmethodsofestimatingtheagesofobjectsinanthropologyandgeology,etc.所以,放射性的研究,是作为一项纯理论研究开始的,但其成果,现在却以各种不同的方式得到应用:医学上用于治疗癌症,农业上用于研制肥料,工程学上以研究金属疲劳,人类学、地质学等方面，则把它应用在估算研究对象年代的方法中。Vocabulary理论科学purescience应用科学appliedscience模型model假设hypothesis现行的科学定律theworkinglawofscience生命周期thelifecycle方程式equation放射性radioactivity金属疲劳metal-fatigue人类学anthropologyVocabulary(ExtendedReading)物理科学thephysicalscience地球科学theearthscience生命科学thelifescience天文学astronomy古生物学paleontology海洋学oceanography气象学meteorology植物学botany动物学zoology遗传学genetics力学/机械学mechanics热动力学thermodynamics天文物理学astrophysics园艺学horticulture畜牧业animalhusbandry科技英语新词Sinatwitter,weibo，tweet微博podcast播客cybersquatting抢注域名cyberspace网络空间Tele-office远程办公twitern(twitter实习生)flextime弹性工作制e-commence电子商务e-journal电子期刊Brexit(英国退出欧盟的戏谑说法)TryItItisessentialthattheoverallprogramstrategybecompletelymappedoutbeforeanyofthedetailedprogrammingactuallybegins.Thewaytheprogrammercanconcentrateonthegeneralprogramlogic,withoutbecomingboggeddowninthesyntacticdetailsoftheindividualinstructions.Infact,thisentireprocessmightberepeatedseveraltimes,withmoreprogrammingdetailaddedateachstage.Oncetheoverallprogramstrategyhasbeenclearlyestablished,thenthesyntacticdetailsofthelanguagecanbeconsidered.Suchanapproachisoftenreferredtoas“top-down”programming.在任何详细的编程实际开始以前，首先要完整地设计出全面的程序策略。这样，程序员可将注意力集中在总的程序逻辑上，而不会陷入各条指令的句法细节中。事实上，整个过程可能重复若干次，而每个阶段都要加入更多的编程细节。一旦清楚地制定了全面的编程策略，便可以考虑该语言的句法细节。这种方法经常称作“自顶向下”的程序设计法。