高考英语语法复习(五)

第五讲：状语从句一、状语从句的概念在句中用作状语的从句叫状语从句(adverbialclause)。引导状语从句的关联词是从属连词。如：1)Whenyoucrossamainroad,youmustbecareful.2)IwaslatebecauseImissedthebus.3)Ifshedoesn’twritetomefirst,Iwillnotwritetoher.4)IhavelivedheresinceIwasachild.5)I’llshowyousothatyoucanseehowit’sdone.上述例句中的黑体单词就是引导状语从句的从属连词，斜体部分则是状语从句。从例句中可以看出，状语从句的位置比较灵活：可以置于句首，也可以置于句末。若从句置于句首时，其后常用一个逗号。状语从句根据其表达的含义和用途可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句等。二、状语从句的种类1.时间状语从句（AdverbialClausesofTime:）时间状语从句由从属连词when,while,as,before,after,since,until,till,once,assoonas,whenever等引导。翻译下列句子,注意各个连词的含义：①Whenhecomesheretomorrow,I’llcallyou.②HenryisinchargeoftheofficewhenMr.Smithisaway.③IwaswatchinganinterestingTVplaywhenthetelephonerang.④Whilehewaswalkinginthestreet,hemetTim.⑤Sheoftenlistenstoherdiskmanwhilesheisdoingherhomework.⑥Asspringwarmsthegoodearth,allflowersbegintobloom.⑦AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.⑧Hehadworkedinafactorybeforeheenteredthecollege.⑨Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.⑽Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.⑾Hestayedinschooluntilhisfathercametofetchhim.⑿Ididn’tleaveuntilhisfathercametofetchhim.⒀Onceyouunderstandtherules,youwillfinditeasytoplaythegames.⒁Hewasshotdeadbeforehecouldletoutacry.⒂Threeyearshadpassedbeforeweknewit.⒃HewasalwayssittingbeforehiscomputerwheneverIwenttoseehim.另外，名词短语everytime,eachtime,themoment/theminute（一……就……）,bythetime,nexttime,thefirst/second…/lasttime等和副词immediately,directly(一……就……),也可以当作连词使用引导时间状语从句，并在高考试题中出现过。e.g.1)Hestartedtellinguswhattodoimmediatelyhearrived.2)HefellinlovewithMarythemomenthesawher.3)Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourlaptap.4)Bythetimehewastakentohospital,hehadstoppedbreathing.下面句中的关联词词组hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…在意义上也相当于assoonas.e.g.1)HardlyhadIsetoutwhenitbegantorain.2)NosoonerhadIgoneoutsidethanthephonerang.2.地点状语从句（AdverbialClausesofplace）地点状语从句由从属连词where(在……的地方；去……的地方),wherever(在/去无论……的地方)等引导。翻译下列句子:1)Putitwhereyoufoundit.2)Putbackthebookwhereitwas.3)Theyarewarmlywelcomedwherevertheygo.4)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.3.原因状语从句（AdverbialClausesofcause）原因状语从句由从属连词because,as,since,for等引导。翻译下列句子:e.g.1)IwasabsentfromthemeetingbecauseIhadtolookaftermysicksonathome.2)Sinceyouwon’thelpme,I’llturntosomebodyelse.3)AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman.4)Hemustbeillforhedidn’tcometoschooltoday.有些短语也可引导原因状语从句，如seeingthat(既然)，nowthat(既然)等。e.g.1)Nowthatyoumentiontheman,Idorememberhim.2)Seeingthatheisill,heisunlikelytocometojoinus.4.条件状语从句（AdverbialClausesofcondition）引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if,unless,aslongas,onconditionthat,incase(that),as/solongas,suppose/supposing等。翻译下列句子:e.g.1)Ifyougoonworkinghard,you’llcertainlymakegoodprogress.2)You’llbelateunlessyouhurry.3)I’lltakemyraincoatincaseitrain.4)Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.5)We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy.6)Supposewearelate,whatshallwesay?7)We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy.8)Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.（虚拟语气）5.目的状语从句（AdverbialClausesofpurpose）引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so(that),inorderthat等。翻译下列句子:e.g.1)Theysetoutearlysothat(inorderthat)theymightarrivethereintime.=Theysetoutearlyinorderto(soasto)arrivethereintime.2）Shedresseslikethatsothateveryonewillnoticeher.3)Inorderthatthechildrenshouldnotfallintothewater,hebuiltafencearoundthepool.6.结果状语从句（AdverbialClausesofresult）引导结果状语从句的从属连词有sothat,so…that,such…that等。1)such+adj.+n+thatclause2)so+adj./adv.+thatclause3)so+many/few+复数名词+thatclauseso+much/little(少)+不可数名词+thatclause4)so+adj.+a/an+单数名词+thatclausee.g.1)ItissuchagoodstorythatI’llneverforgetit.=ItissogoodastorythatI’llneverforgetit.2)IwastakingashowersothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.7.比较状语从句（AdverbialClausesofcomparison）引导比较状语从句的从属连词有as…as,notas(so)…as,more/-er…than,less…than等。e.g.1)Hedoesn’tworksohardasyoudo.2)ThereisasmuchinkinbottleAasinbottleB.3)Themoreyouworry,thelessyou’llsucceed.4)Goldismuchheavierthananyothermetal.8.让步状语从句（AdverbialClausesofconcession）引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though,although,evenif/though（即使）,as(虽然，要部分倒装)，while(而，然而)，whether…or…(无论是……还是…..),以及疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词等。e.g.1)Although(Though)heisold,heworkshard.=Heisold,butheworkshard.2)Eventhough(evenif)yousayso,Idon’tbelieveit.3)Difficultastheworkis,we’llfinishitontime.=Thoughtheworkisdifficult,we’llfinishitontime.4.Whenever(=Nomatterwhen)youcometoourcountry,youwillbewarmlywelcomed.5.Wherever(=Nomatterwhere)hegoes,healwaysbringstwobodyguardswithhim.9.方式状语从句（AdverbialClausesofManner）引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as,asif/though(似乎，好像),theway,how等。e.g.1)Let’sdoasMrs.Liteachesus.2)Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.3)Ididitjustasyoutoldme.1)Doitthewayyouweretaught三、使用状语从句需注意的几点1.在时间、条件、让步状语从句不可使用一般将来时。2．从属连词不可和并列连词同时使用。如because与so,if与and,though与but等不能连用。3．Evenif/though,asif/though引出的状语从句有时要用虚拟语气。e.g.HetreatsasifIwerehisownson.Exercises:I.Fillintheblankwithaconjunction.(where,unless,if,as,such…that,eventhough,asif,nowthat,however)1.Adrivershouldslowdown_______________theroadsarenarrow.2.____________youmailthelettertoday,itwon’tarrivethere.3._____________hehastime,hewillcomeandseeuslater4.Tommade_________greatprogress__________hisheadmasterpraisedhimattheschoolmeeting.5.__________hisfatherkne