高考英语语法复习(三)

第三讲：名词性从句一、名词性从句的意义和种类在句中相当于一个名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。由于名词通常在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，所以名词性从句也包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句合同位语从句。二、引导名词性从句的关联词从属连词：that,whether,if（纯连词，在从句中不充当任何成分）疑问代词:what,which,who/whom/whose（在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、定语等）疑问副词:when,where,why,how，whenever,wherever等（在从句中充当状语）复合关系代词：what,whoever,whomever,whosever，whichever(在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、定语等)另外，how+形容词/副词也可引导名词性从句，如howold,howlong,howsoon,howfar,howfast,howoften等,which/what+名次也可引导名词从句。三、关联词的选用1、从句中有何疑问就用相应的疑问词。e.g._________shelives.(她在那儿住)_________sheis.(她是干什么的)Idon’tknow__________sheis.(她多大年纪)__________shehasn’tcomeyet.(她为什么还没来)__________sheislookingfor.(她在找谁)__________shewillcometomorrow.(她明天会不会来)2、从句中无任何疑问时用that引导从句。e.g.Shepromisedthatshewouldbuymeapresentformybirthday.Shesaidthatshedidn’tknowthenews.3、从句中若含有“……的东西，……的事情，……的话;……的”等则需用what引导从句。e.g.1)我收回我说的话。ItakebackwhatIsaid.2）我在那里看见的与我听到的情况大不一样。WhatIsawtherewasquitedifferentfromwhatIhadheard.最使我吃惊的是他赢得了一等奖。Whatsurprisedmemostwasthathewonthefirstprize.(what作从句主语)四、须注意的几点1.if不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。2.主语是reason的表语从句要用that引导，而不用because。e.g.Thereasonwhyhewasabsentisthathemissedhisflight.3．动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用that作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用whether或if皆可，而不用that。Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?你难道怀疑他将取胜?Idon'tdoubtthatyourpropositioniswrong.我相信你的建议是错的。HedoubtwhetherIknowit.他怀疑我知道了此事。4．在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的that不可以省略。在宾语从句中的that可以省略。以下句子中，可省略that的有（）1）Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2）MyproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.3）Theybelievethathehasleftthecity.4）Iamgladthatyoupassedtheexam.5．主语从句常可用Itis…that句型改写。其中It是形式主语，that引导的从句才是真正的主语。Thattheearthisroundistrue.=It'sturethattheearthisround.6．无论名词性从句中有何疑问，它的语序永远为陈述语序。Doyouknowwhenhewillcomeback?知道他何时回来吗?7．正确掌握名词性从句谓语动词的时态。这是学习和掌握名词性从句的难题之一，在名词性从句中重点是宾语从句谓语动词的时态。A.若主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时，宾语从句的动词可根据句意用它所需要的任何状态。WillyoutellmehowyoulearnedEnglishwell?告诉我你怎么学好英语的，好吗?Ithinkhe'llbebackinanhour.我想一小时后他会来的。B.若主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句中的动词须用过去的相应时态。Ithoughttheywerehavinglessons.我想他们正在上课。Shesaidshehaddoneherhomework.她说她已做完了作业。MarysaidshewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.玛丽说她将帮我学英语。C.宾语从句表达客观真理，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。Theteachertolduslighttravelsfasterthansound.老师告诉我们光的速度比声音快。8.否定转移问题。在主句为第一人称主语后跟think,believe,suppose,expect,guess,imagine等动词时，宾语从句的否定形式应转移到主句中。Wedon'texpecthewillcometonight,willhe?9.名词性从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数。Whenyouwillgotopicktheappleshasn'tbeendecided.Exercises:Choosethecorrectanswer1.Thisis_____Imean.A.itB.thatC.whichD.what2.Iaskedhim____hewouldgo.A.whatB.thatC.whomD.if3.Iknow_____myteacherisright.A.whichB.whatC.whoD.that4.____heisrightisevident.A.whatB.whomC.ThatD.If5.Idoubt___itwillrainthisafternoon.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.about6.Ihavenodoubt___hewillhelpmethistime.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how7.____theearthisroundisknowntoeverybodyA.ThenB.ThatC.ThisD.Which8.Hetoldmethenews____ourteamhadwonthegameA.aboutB.ofC.thatD.as9.Itmakesnodifferencetome____hewillcomeornot.A.howB.whyC.whenD.whether10.___isunknowntome.A.WhereheisB.WhereisheC.HeiswhereD.Ishewhere11.ThesubjectofWhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim.is______.A.whatB.interestingC.whatinterestingD.I12.Hecamehereshortlybefore,soIcan'tknow_____A.heisgoodornotB.ifheisgoodC.howisheD.howdidhe.13.______?IthinkheisCharlesYang.A.WhodoyouthinkheisB.DoyouthinkwhoheisC.WhomdoyouthinkheisD.Whoyouthinkheis14.Doyourememberwhere____mywatch?A.hadIputB.hadputIC.IhadputD.putI15.TheoldmanaskedHenry_____Englandnestweek.A.whetherwillhegoB.whetherwouldhegotoc.whetherheisgoingtoD.whetherhewouldgoto16.Theproblem____overworkingalldaylongimpairshishealth.A.isB.thatC.whichD.isthat17.Jackaskedmeaboutmyselfandwantedtoknow____.A.whatandIstudiedEnglishforB.wheredidIstudyC.wherehadIstudiedD.whereIhadstudied18.George____hecouldimprovehistestscores,buthedidnothaveenoughtimetostudy.A.knewtoB.knewhowC.knewhowthatD.knewhowto19.Iwonder____isinyourmind.A.whatB.ifC.whetherD.that20.Iwonderhowmanyyearsago_____.A.didyourfatherretireB.yourfatherretiredC.hasyourfatherretiredD.yourfatherhasretired21.Hesaidthathe______therefor10years.A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.workedD.wasworking22.______wasonceregardedasimpossiblehascometrue.A.WhoB.WhichC.ThatD.What23._____hewillcomeiscertain.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If24.Ifound____strange_____shehadnotcomeyet.A.it…thatB.that…thatC.this…/Dit…/25.Hereasonforhisabsencefromschoolwas____hefellill.A.BecauseB.WhyC.WhatD.that1.Thisisthereason____Iagreetoit.A.thatB.whyC.whatD.AandB27._____apitythatwehavemissedthefilm.A.That'sB.It'sC.What'sD.There's28.Thenews_____hewillgotoLondonisuntrue.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why29.Thequestion____wewillholdthesports-meetnextSundaywillbedecidedverysoon.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.why30.Everythingdependon___wehaveenoughtime.A.ifB.whenC.whetherD.that31.Wedon'tknow____topayavisittotheoldtown.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.which32.Wethinkitunwisetogiveachild______heorshewants.A.whicheverB.whateverC.howeverD.whenever33._______weshouldstudyforeignlanguagesisclear.A.WhenB.WhichC.WhyD.What34._______Ireallywanttosayisthatweshouldstudyhard.A.WhenB.ThatC.WhyD.What35.Weallknow____sheisveryproudofherson.A.whatB.ifC.howD.why36.Weallknow____sheisveryproudofthegreatprogresshersonhasmadeA.whatB.ifC.howD.that37.Does____mattermu