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第三讲、句子种类•按照用途分,句子可分为四种:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句考点一:陈述句陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法。陈述句分为肯定式和否定式两种,有五种基本句型。•(1)主语+系动词+表语Wearehappy.我们很快乐。注:系动词有三类,具体如下:•①表状态:be,seem,appear(显得),go(变成),stand(坐落),stay(保持),lie(位于),keep(保持)•②表感官:look(看上去),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),feel(感觉),taste(尝起来)•③表变化:get(变得),become(成为),turn(变成),grow(渐渐变成),come(成为)•(2)主语+不及物动词Theyarereading.他们在看书。•(3)主语+及物动词+宾语IteachEnglish.我教英语。•(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语表物,间接宾语表人。一些间接宾语可改成一个由to引导的短语(强调动作是“向谁”做的),或由for引导的短语(强调动作是“为谁”做的)。•Hegavemeabook.=Hegaveabooktome.他给我一本书。•能带双宾语的动词中多数在间接宾语前加to,这样的动词有:give(给),pass(传、递),take(拿去),bring(带来),show(出示、展现),lend(借给),sell(出售)等。•带双宾语的动词在间接宾语前加for的动词有:•buy(购买),make(制作/造),build(建造),mend(修理),cook(烹饪)等。Mymotherboughtmeapresent.=Mymotherboughtapresentforme.我妈妈给我买了件礼物。•(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补•You'dbettertellthestudentsnottomakesomuchnoise.你最好告诉学生们不要这么大声吵闹。•①带to的不定式作宾补的动词有:tell,ask,order,want等。•②省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有:feel,hear,see,notice,have/make/let等。2.否定句•(1)含be动词、助动词、情态动词的否定。•如果句子的谓语动词是be,have、助动词或情态动词,在它们之后加not构成否定句。Tomcan'tswim.汤姆不会游泳。•(2)行为动词的否定。•如果句子的动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词,在谓语前加do的相应形式后再加not。Theydidn'twanttotakepictures.他们不想拍照片。•(3)还可用nothing等否定代词,no等否定形容词和little,few,hardly等半否定词与肯定形式的谓语动词连用来表示否定。•Icanhardlyunderstandwhatyousaid.我几乎听不明白你说的。•(4)在“Ithink/believe+that从句”的句型中,若想否定从句动词的含义,必须采用否定主句动词think的形式,这叫否定的转移。•We/Idon'tthinkit'strue.我们/我认为那不是真的。•1.MarkiswatchingTVno0W。(改为否定句)Mark______TVnow.(2015重庆)•2.CaoHuaswimsfastestinourgroup.(改为否定句)Caohua________fastestinourgroup.(2014重庆)考点二疑问句•疑问句用于提出问题。可分为四种:一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句和特殊疑问句。•1.一般疑问句是可用Yes或No来回答的问句。它总是以be(is,am,are,was,were),have(has,had),情态动词或助动词开头。—Wouldyoulikesomemore?你想再来一些吗?—No,thanks.I'mfull.不,谢谢。我饱了。•1.—HaveyoueverbeentoNanning?—Yes,________.A.IwasB.IdoC.IamD.Ihave2.Iwanttogosomewherequietformyvacation(改为一般疑问句)____youwanttogo________quietforyourvacation?3.Hismotherdoeswellinsingingsongs.(改为一般疑问句)______hismother____wellinsingingsongs?(2014黑龙江绥化)•2.选择疑问句:提供两种或者两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答•Shallwegotoseeyouorwillyoucometoseeus?是我们去看你们,还是你们来看我们?•Whichwouldyoulikebetter,teaormilk?你喜欢喝哪个,茶还是牛奶?•1.Whenyougetintotrouble,willyoukeeptrying______giveup?(2016大庆)AorBandCbutDso•2.-Bill.doesyoursisterhavebrownhairorredhair?_____Shetakesaftermymother.(2016济南)A.Yes.shedoesBNo,shedoesn'tCBrownhairDIdon'tknow•3.特殊疑问句是以疑问词引出的问句。一般为疑问语序:“疑问词+一般疑问句?”回答时要具体作答,不能用yes或no来回答。•语序:(1)当疑问词或由其所修饰的词不作主语时,用一般疑问句语序;(2)当疑问词或由其所修饰的词作主语时用陈述句语序。•①疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,要用陈述语序:“疑问词(+主语)+谓语+动词(+...)?”•Whobrokethedoor?谁弄坏了门?•Whichboyrunsthefastest?哪个男孩跑得最快?•②问姓名、职业、外貌长相、性格、体重等用what提问;问身体状况、年龄、身高、工作、生活情况等用how来提问。•问外貌“What's...like?”或“Whatdo(does)...looklike?”;问性格“Whatdo(does)...thinkof...?”;问年龄“Whatage...(What's...age)?”或“Howold...?”;问体重“What's...weight?”(“Whatweight...?”);问身体状况“How...?”;问身高“Howtall...?”;问工作生活情况“Howare(is)...gettingon?”•③询问钟点用whattime,问何时用when,问星期用whatday(oftheweek)...,问日期用what'sthedate...。•④询问一段延续的时间有多长(久)用howlong,答语用“for+一段时间”或“since+过去时间点”;问某事过多久将会发生用howsoon,答语用“in+一段时间”;问某个动作重复发生的频率间隔用howoften,答语用“次数+时间”,如“threetimesaday”等;问总共的次数用howmanytimes,答案用“基数+times”等。•—Howlongwillittakeustogettherebybus?我们坐公共汽车到那要多长时间?•—Abouttwohours.大约两小时。•⑤询问数量时,对可数事物用howmany,对不可数事物用howmuch,问人口用“What'sthepopulationof+地区?”此外howmuch还可以用来询问“多少钱”。•—HowmuchisaticketforthefilmHackerⅡ?《黑客Ⅱ》的票价是多少?•—Aboutfortyyuan.大约四十元。•What'sthepopulationofLiaocheng?聊城有多少人口?•⑥询问距离用howfar(away)。•⑦询问颜色用whatcolour。•⑧询问号码用whatnumber或what's...number;•Whatnumberisyourcar?你的车号是多少?•What'syourtelephonenumber?你的电话号码是多少?•6.—________didyousleeplastnight?•—Onlyfivehours.Istayeduplatetodomyhomework.•A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howmuch•20.—________doesyoursisterlooklike?—Sheistallwithlonghair.•A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.How•29.—________Tshirtdoyoulikebetter,theredoneortheblueone?•—Iprefertheredone.•A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.WhoseD.Which----___doyougotoMrsRainbowscolourtherapy?----Onceeverytwoweeks.(2016盐城)•A.HowoftenB.howsoonC.HowlongD.Howfar•7.---theseshoeslookcool.____arethey•Theyareonsale,only69dollars.(2016厦门)•A.HowmuchBHowlongC.Howmany•3.it'sabout2kilometersfrommyhometoschool(对划线部分提问)•_______isitfromyourhometoschool1(205湖北孝感)•4.Idliketoorderahamburgerandanorangejuice。(就划线部分提问)•________youliketoorder?•4.反意疑问句是提出情况或看法,问对方是否同意的句子。一般由两部分组成:“陈述句+简略问句?”即:①“肯定的陈述句+否定的简略问句?”②“否定的陈述句+肯定的简略问句?”•Somethingiswrongwithyourcomputer,isn'tit?•Shesaidhewouldcometomorrow,didn'tshe?•(2)反意疑问句的答语。•反意疑问句作回答时,如果答案肯定则用yes,后跟肯定形式的简略回答方式;若答案否定则用no,后跟否定形式的简略回答方式。即其回答与一般疑问句的回答方式完全一致。•特别注意有时要根据具体的语境来确定回答应为肯定形式还是否定形式。•—Lucyskatesverywell,doesn'tshe?露西滑冰非常好,是吗?•—Yes,shedoes.是的,她是。•②—Youdon'tliketheman,doyou?你不喜欢这个人,是吗?•—No,Idon't.是的,我不喜欢。考点三祈使句•1.祈使句是表示命令、请求或劝告等的句子。动词原形开头,否定祈使句是在动词原形前加缩写的don't;•Dohelpme.一定要帮我。•2.祈使句后,还可以加一个简略问句。祈使句为否定结构时,后加“willyou?”。祈使句为肯定结构时,表邀请则加“won'tyou?”,表请求可用“willyou?/wouldyou?/canyou?/can'tyou?”等。•Lucy,youcleantheblackboardtoday,willyou?•露西,你今天擦黑板,好吗?•3.以Let's开头的句子,us的缩写“'s”包括说话人和听话人“双方”,后半部分的简略问句用“shallwe?”;以Letus开头的句子,us仅指说话人“一方”,其后的简略问句用“willyou?”。•Let'sgoandseehimafterschool,shallwe?让我们放学后去看他,好吗?•Letuslookatyourphoto,willyou?让我们看看你的照片,好吗?•_______tosmileatyourlifewhenyouareintrouble,andyouwillsoonbehappyaga
本文标题:第三讲、句子种类PPT
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