分词做状语和独立主格结构

GrammarRevision分词做状语和独立主格结构分词做状语V-ing作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.1._______（walk）inthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.When….2.______(be)ill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Because…3.______(use)yourhead,youwillfindaway.If…•Weweresittingbythewindow,_______(talk)aboutwhathappenedyesterday.(伴随）Hisparentsdied,_________(leave)himanorphan.•Havingmethimformanytimes,shedecidedtohelphimout.Aftershehadmethimformanytimes,…1.v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，需用havingdone,被动形式havingbeendone2.v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致；3.否定式直接在分词前加notNotknowingheraddress,wehadtogetintouchwithher.__________(finish)theclass,shewenthome.___________(catch)onthespot,thethiefhadtoadmithiscrime.Ved作状语•1.过去分词作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。•过去分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语______(see)fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitis…_______(keep)inrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyare…Deeply________(move)bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.过去完成时•1.定义：在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。•2.结构：haddone被动：hadbeendoneIhadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo‘clocklastnight。IthoughtIhadseenhimbefore.与分词作状语交叉Aftershehadfinishedtheofficework,shecametothesittingroomandrelaxed.Havingfinishedtheofficework,she…Practice•1._______fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered•2.Hesentmeane-mail,________togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope•3.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,_______.•A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC.alakewasdiscoveredundergroundD.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake4.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage________thegirlandtookheraway,________intothewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing5._______inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited6.If___thesametreatmentagain,he’ssuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven7.Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited7._____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding独立主格结构•1.由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。2.特点1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。3.结构名词/主格代词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语Therebeing+名词/代词Itbeing+名词/代词•Thegirl_______(stare)athim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn‘tknowwhattosay.•Time_______(permit)(=Iftimepermits),wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.•Theproblems______(solve)(=Astheproblemsweresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不同时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。Afterclasswasover，thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.Classbeingover/Classover•Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.Hismother（being）ill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.•Themeeting（being）over,theyallwenthome.being（或havingbeen）不能省略的情形(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.(2)在Therebeing＋名词/代词的结构中。Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.•OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom,bookinhand.•n/pron+介词短语结构中，n/pron前不可用冠词或形容词性物主代词（his，her，our…）Practice1.Thecave________verydark,helitsomecandles________light.A.was;givenB.was;togiveC.being;givenD.being;togive2.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand________agunandhisface________withsweat.Aheld;coveredB.holding;coveringC.holding;coveredD.held;covering3.Thegirlinthesnapshot（快照）wassmilingsweetly,herlonghair_________.A.flowedinthebreezeB.wasflowinginthebreezeC.wereflowinginthebreezeD.flowinginthebreeze4.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_________fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished5.____,wewenthome.A.OurhomeworkhadbeenfinishedB.OurhomeworkhavingbeenfinishedC.OurhomeworkfinishingD.Ourhomeworkbeenfinished6.Themeeting____,hewentbacktohiscompany.A.OverB.hadoverC.wasoverD.havebeenover7.____,heputonhiscoat.A.ItbeingcoldB.ItcoldC.BeingcoldD.Ithavingbeencold8.Time____,weshallvisitthezoo.A.beenpermittingB.permittingC.permittedD.havingbeenpermitted9._______,wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightaway．A.TherewasnotimeleftB.ThereisnotimeleftC.TherebeingnotimeleftD.Theretobenotimeleft10.Shestoodthere,_______fromhercheeks.A.tears'rollingdownB.tearsrolleddownC.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown11.Theboystoodbeforetheroastedduck,hiseyes_______onitandhismouth_______.A.werefixed,waswateredB.fixed,wateringC.fixed,wateredD.werefixing,waswatering12._______Sunday,thelibraryisclosed.A.BeingB.ItbeingC.TherebeingD.ItisHomeworkDomoreexercisestoconsolidateabsolutestructureandparticiplesasadverbials.