Translation-techniques(里面包含增译法-减译法-转译法-重复译法)

TranslationTechniquesTeachingPlanTeachingContents:1.Introductiontothefunctionsoftranslationtechniques2.Introductiontothe8commonly-usedtechniques1)repetition(重复法)2)amplification(增译法)3)omission(/省译法/减译法)4)conversion(词类转移法)5)inversion(词序调整法)6)division(分译法)7)negation(正说反译,反说正译法)8)thechangeofthevoices(语态变换法)TeachingPlanTeachingAims:Tomakestudentsgettheknowledgeoftranslationtechniquesandmasterthemintranslatingpracticing.Tomakestudentsskilledintranslation.TeachingFocus:Trainingstudents’abilityindealingwiththetechniques.TeachingMethods:Discussion(groupwork,thenclasswork)andteacher-orientedlecturingTeachingApproaches:Multi-mediaaided.TeachingProcedures:I.DiscussionoftheAssignmentPutthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish:今天的老人是昨天的劳动者。他们对物质文化的发展做出了许多贡献，理所当然应该分享其成果。当敬老、养老蔚然成风时，各个年龄层的人都会有一种完全感。每个人都有一天会变老。如果人们确信老年时生活一定幸福、安康，就会全力以赴地投入工作。I.DiscussionoftheAssignmentTheoldpeopleoftodayarethelaborersofyesterday.Itgoeswithoutsayingthattheyshouldhaveashareintherewardsformaterialandculturaladvancementstowhichtheyhavecontributions.Whenrespectingandprovidingfortheelderlybecomescommonpractice,peopleofallgenerationswillhaveasenseofsecurity.Foreveryonegetsoldsomeday,andwhenpeoplefeelperfectlysecureofahappyandcomfortablelifeinoldage,theywilldevotethemselveswholeheartedlytowork.II.Questionsfordiscussion1.Whatisdomesticating?Whatisforeignizing?Explainthemthroughexamples.2.Howdoyouunderstandtherelationshipsbetween“freetranslationandliteraltranslation”and“domesticatingandforeignizing”?Howdoyouusetheminyourtranslationpractice?III.IntroductiontothetechniquesoftranslationTechniquesoftranslationrefertotheexperiencethatpeoplehaveaccumulatedintheirpracticeoftranslation.Theyincludelotsofskillsintranslation,suchasselectionofwordmeaning,extensionofwordmeaning,conversionofpartsofspeechesandsentencestructures,longsentencetranslation,paragraphandpassagetranslation,translationofarticlesofdifferentkindsofstyles,etc.EightCommonly-usedTranslationTechniques1.repetition(重复法)2.amplification(增译法)3.omission(/省译法/减译法)4.conversion(词类转移法)5.inversion(词序调整法)6.division(分译法)7.negation(正说反译,反说正译法)8.thechangeofthevoices(语态变换法)1.RepetitionI.Teachingcontents1.根据词义或修辞需要增词2.根据语法需要增词3.重复译法1)为了明确重复2)为了强调重复3)为了生动重复IV.TeachingMethodDiscussion(groupwork,thenclasswork).V.Teachingprocedures1.Repetition(重复法)重复也属于增词。翻译和写作一样。本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。例如：(1)为了明确重复汉语重复,英译时也重复(2)为了强调重复为了强调，汉语句子中往往重复关键性的词，以使读者留下深刻印象，汉译英时往往可以采用同样的重复手段。汉语原文中有词的重复，译成英语时可以保持同样的词的重复。1.Repetition(重复法)例如：他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了盘算。Hewanderedaboutinthechillrain,thinkingandthinking,broodingandbrooding.先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。Gentlemenmanycrypeace,peace---butthereisnopeace.血债要用血来还。Bloodmustatoneforblood.他们往往一遍又一遍反复琢磨这些密件。Theywouldreadandre-readthesecretnotes.1.Repetition(重复法)(3)为了生动重复根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性.汉语中有大量四字词组，这是汉语的一在特点。四字词组比较精炼，念起来顺口，有节奏感，在英译时要注意词汇的选择，尽量保留原文生动活泼的修辞效果。例如：1.Repetition(重复法)他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。Withhistardiness,carelessandappallinggoodtemper,wehadnothingtodowithhim.我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，（直言无隐），不藏不掖。Ihadbeencompletelyhonestinmyreplies,withholdingnothing.他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。Hischildren,too,wereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.ExamplesWehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我们要分析问题，解决问题。Let’sreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemenmaycry,peace,peace---butthereisnopeace.先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。Nelshaditallwrittenoutneatly.纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。Whataretheyafter?Theyareaftername,afterposition,andtheywanttocutsmartfigure.大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。Alargefamilyhasitsdifficulties.天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。Theskyisblue,blue;Andthesteppewide,wide;Overgrassthatthewindhasbatteredlow;Sheepandoxenroam.Examples寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖还寒时侯,最难将息。(译文1）Seek,seek;search,search;Cold,cold;bare,bare;Grief,grief;cruel,cruelgrief.Nowwarm,thenliketheautumncoldagain,Howhardtocalmtheheart!（译文2）Iseekbutseekinvain,Isearchandsearchagain;Ifeelsosad,sodrear,Solonely,withoutcheer.（许渊冲译）青青河边草,郁郁园中柳。Greengrowsthegrassuponthebank,Thewillowshootsarelongandlank.2.Amplification(增译法/增词法)Amplification:Itmeanssupplyingnecessarywordsinourtranslationworksoastomaketheversioncorrectandclear.Wordsthussuppliedmustbeindispensableeithersyntacticallyorsemantically.英语和汉语在语法方面差异很大，比如英语有数的变化、有时态、语态、语气变化、有情态的变化（我们常称为三态一气），而汉语这样的变化很少，如时态，只用着、了、过就解决了。在翻译中我们要注意这些差别，把英语中的数和三态一气等体现出来。为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法.增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。Iamlookingforwardtotheholidays.我们等待假日的到来。Muchofourmoralityiscustomary.我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。1.没有调查研究就没有发言权。Hewhomakesnoinvestigationandstudyhasnorighttospeak.(Noinvestigation,norighttospeak.)2.子曰:“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。”Confuciussaid:“Hewholearnswithoutthinkingislost.Hewhothinkswithoutlearningremainspuzzled.”3.虚心使人进步,