CEFR

1《新编大学基础英语》参考欧洲教学大纲，如下TheCommonEuropeanFramework(CEF)欧洲现代语言教学大纲TheCouncilofEurope'sCommonEuropeanFrameworkofReferenceforLanguages(CEF/CEFR)isausefultoolforanyoneinvolvedinEnglishlanguagelearning,teachingandtesting.Itallowslanguageachievementtobebenchmarkedagainstasharedunderstandingofeachlevel.CEFlevelsarebasedontheALTE(AssociationofLanguageTestersinEurope)keycompetencieswhichhighlightwhatlearners'cando'withthelanguageandwhichfocusonreal-worldlanguagetasks.ACommonEuropeanFrameworkofReferenceforLanguages:Learning,Teaching,Assessment，简称CEF，一般翻译做“欧洲语言教学共同纲领”，也有人翻译成“欧洲语言学习、教学、评估共同参考框架”。该标准是由欧洲委员会制订并于2001年正式公布，2003年修订出版。该框架就是欧盟各国外语教学和评估的标准，旨在为欧洲语言教学的课程设计、大纲制订、语言测试和教材编纂提供一个共同的基础和参考。该标准详细地描述了语言学习者进行有效交流时所必须掌握的技能和达到的标准。CEF的语言能力分级标准CEF将语言的实际运用能力分成三等，共六个级别：一等：BasicUser初级使用者（A），包括入门级（A1）和基础级（A2）；二等：IndependentUser独立使用者（B），包括进阶级（B1）和高阶级（B2）；三等：ProficientUser熟练使用者（C），包括流利运用级（C1）和精通级（C2）。值得注意的是以上六个级别并不是各自封闭的，我们还可以根据每一等的标准在其基础上继续细分。它只是一个标准框架，是可修改和可扩展的。·CEF的语言能力描述和语言交际活动CEF将语言能力分为“一般语言能力”和“语言交际能力”。前者包括知识、技能、个性、学习能力等；后者包括语言学能力、社会语言学能力和语用能力三方面。CEF以行动为导向（ActionOriented），它把语言交际活动分为“语言理解”、“语言产出”和“互动”，强调通过现实的语言交流来实现交际任务。·CEF的语言运用环境和语言交际策略CEF将语言突出为一种交流的工具，注重语言的社会效用它把语言运用的环境分成了4个方面：个人交际环境、公共场合的交际环境、工作环境和教育环境。CEF十分强调语言运用环境，因为语言是帮助学习者在特定的环境下完成特定的交际任务。2CEF提出了三大交际策略：①在理解过程中寻找线索并进行推断；②在互动环境中，参与讨论、合作、辩论、演讲等；③在语言表达活动中，采取计划、补偿、监控等策略。CambridgeESOL全球考试和CEFR的等级对应3语言测试与评估，CEF等级与雅思、剑桥五级、托福、托业等成绩对照表CEF根据其三等六级制定了详细的测试与评估标准，具体描述了学习者应该在语言的听说读写上所应该达到的标准，从而建立起与标准化考试证书一一对应的评估体系。CEFRlevelCityandGuildsNQF(UKOnly)CambridgeexamMichiganExamCIEP/AlliancefrançaisediplomasHSKCLES(11languages)DCLDELEIELTSPTEAcademicPTEGeneral(formerlyLTE)TOEICUNIcert(differentlanguages)VersantYKIALTElevelTOEFL(IBT)C2MasteryMasteryLevel7-8CPE/CAEgradeA[12]ECPETCFC2/DALFC2/DHEFHSKLevel6CLES3CertificationIVMaestríaIELTS8.5-9.085Level5-UNIcertIV79-806.tasoLevel5-C1EffectiveOperationalProficiencyExpertLevels4-6CAE,FCEgradeA[13]-TCFC1/DALFC1/DSLCFHSKLevel5CLES3CertificationIIISuperior(sinceNovember2010)IELTS7.0-8.076Level4945+pointsUNIcertIII69-785.tasoLevel4110-120B2VantageCommunicatorLevel3FCEECCETCFB2/DELFB2/DiplômedeLangueHSKLevel4CLES2CertificationIIAvanzadoIELTS5.5-6.559Level3785-945pointsUNIcertII58-684.tasoLevel387-109B1ThresholdAchieverLevel2PET-TCFB1/DELFB1/CEFP2HSKLevel3CLES1CertificationIIntermedioIELTS4.0-5.043Level2550-785pointsUNIcertI47-573.tasoLevel257-864A2WaystageAccessLevel1KET-TCFA2/DELFA2/CEFP1HSKLevel2Elemental30Level1225-550points36-462.tasoLevel1A1BreakthroughPreliminaryEntryLevelnoscored-TCFA1/DELFA1HSKLevel1InicialLevelA1120-225points26-351.tasoBreakthroughlevel-CEF各级别对听说读写的要求ALTECanDoStatements:overallgeneralabilityCEFRLEVELSListening/SpeakingReadingWritingC2CANadviseonortalkaboutcomplexorsensitiveissues,understandingcolloquialreferencesanddealingconfidentlywithhostilequestions.CANunderstanddocuments,correspondenceandreports,includingthefinerpointsofcomplextexts.CANwritelettersonanysubjectandfullnotesofmeetingsorseminarswithgoodexpressionandaccuracy.C1CANcontributeeffectivelytomeetingsandseminarswithinownareaofworkorkeepupacasualconversationwithagooddegreeoffluency,copingwithabstractexpressions.CANreadquicklyenoughtocopewithanacademiccourse,toreadthemediaforinformationortounderstandnon-standardcorrespondence.CANprepare/draftprofessionalcorrespondence,takereasonablyaccuratenotesinmeetingsorwriteanessaywhichshowsanabilitytocommunicate.B2CANfolloworgiveatalkonafamiliartopicorkeepupaconversationonafairlywiderangeoftopics.CANscantextsforrelevantinformation,andunderstanddetailedinstructionsoradvice.CANmakenoteswhilesomeoneistalkingorwritealetterincludingnon-standardrequests.B1CANexpressopinionsonabstract/culturalmattersinalimitedwayorofferadvicewithinaknownarea,andunderstandinstructionsorpublicCANunderstandroutineinformationandarticles,andthegeneralmeaningofnon-routineinformationwithinafamiliarCANwritelettersormakenotesonfamiliarorpredictablematters.5announcements.area.A2CANexpresssimpleopinionsorrequirementsinafamiliarcontext.CANunderstandstraightforwardinformationwithinaknownarea,suchasonproductsandsignsandsimpletextbooksorreportsonfamiliarmatters.CANcompleteformsandwriteshortsimplelettersorpostcardsrelatedtopersonalinformation.A1CANunderstandbasicinstructionsortakepartinabasicfactualconversationonapredictabletopic.CANunderstandbasicnotices,instructionsorinformation.CANcompletebasicforms,andwritenotesincludingtimes,datesandplaces.CEFR各级别建议学时GuidedlearninghoursCambridgeESOLisoftenaskedaboutthenumberofstudyhoursrequiredtoreachacertainexaminationlevel.Itisnotpossibletogiveacategoricalanswertothis,ashoursofstudyrequiredwillvarydependinguponseveralfactorssuchasthecandidate’slanguagelearningbackground,theintensityofthestudy,theinclinationsandageoftheindividualaswellastheamountofstudy/exposureoutsideoflessontimes.Thefollowingfiguresare,however,sometimesquotedasanapproximateguideline:欧洲共同框架引导学习时间A2约180-200B1约350-400B2约500-600C1约700-800C2约1,000-1,200FormoreinformationonWiKi,plscheckthelink,