初中英语被动语态讲解及练习(共47张PPT)

Passivevoice被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。IspeakChinese.Chineseisspokenbymy.基本结构：A+be+过去分词+（byB）am/is/are+donewas/were+doneShall\willbe+done情态动词+be+done1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动词原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studied4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogoneHeplantstreesinspring.主（执行者）谓宾(承受者)Treesareplantedbyhim改为被动语态inspring.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。isspokenbyHespeaksEnglish.EnglishEnglish.Hehim.主（执行者）谓宾(承受者)主动语态：主语+动词+宾语被动语态：主语+be+过去分词+by+宾语主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。ManypeoplevisitSanyaeveryyear.Sanyaisvisited(bymanypeople)everyyear.Peopleeatseafood.Seafoodiseatenbypeople.Peopletakephotosattheseaside.Photosaretakenattheseaside(bypeople).CaoWenxuanwritesthisbook.ThisbookiswrittenbyCaoWenxuan.1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+谓语+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.主动语态：被动语态：Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday.主谓Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.宾(承受者)主动语态：被动语态：主语+am/are/is+动词过去分词+（by宾语）+其他一般现在时的被动语态：1、Heplantsflowersinspring.Flowers___________inspring_________.2、Theycleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroom_________by_____everyday.3、Motherwashesthedisheseveryday.Thedishes_________bymothereveryday.areplantedbyhimiscleanedarewashed练一练them主动：Childrenplanttreesinspring.被动：Treesareplantedbychildreninspring.一般疑问句：Aretreesplantedbychildreninspring?回答：Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.主动：Theycleantheclassroomeveryday.被动：Theclassroomiscleanedbythemeveryday.一般疑问句：Istheclassroomcleanedbythemeveryday?回答：Yes，itis./No,itisn’t.仔细观察肯定句：Thebooksarereadbystudents.一般疑问句：Arethebooksreadbystudents?回答：Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Arethecomputersusedbyhim?Thecomputersareusedbythem.Arethecomputersusedbythem?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Thecarisusedbyhim.悟一悟：通过观察以上句子，你发现了什么？一般疑问句是怎样构成的？Wedrinkwatereveryday.Waterisdrunkeveryday.Iswaterdrunkeveryday?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.通过观察，我们发现：被动语态的一般疑问句是这样构成的：Be+主语+过去分词+（by宾语）+其他练一练1、Heoftenwritesletterstohismother.Letters_____often______tohismother.2、UncleWangrodethebikeyesterday.____hisbike______byUncleWangeveryday?____lettersoften_______tohismother?Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Thebike___________byUncleWangyesterday.arewrittenArewrittenisriddenIsridden•TheyplayfootballonSunday.•Lucydoesthehomeworktoday.•Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.•WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucytoday.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK.被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。e.g.Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.2.当动词带有双宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice…)教某人某事teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.把某物给某人givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.告诉某人某事tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.把某物递给某人passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物扔给某人throwsb.sth.=throwsth.tosb.把某物发送给某人sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.把某物带给某人bringsb.sth.=bringsth.forsb.给某人买某物buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.为某人制作某物makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.为某人准备某物preparesb.sth.=preparesth.forsb.为某人煮某物cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，Mothercookedmerice.将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；Iwascookedricebymother.如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。Ricewascookedformebymother.e.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动1Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.被动2Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.e.g.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被动1Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.被动2Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13