【Unit 1】2. Text I What Makes Mainstream Media Mai

【Unit1】TextIWhatMakesMainstreamMediaMainstream1Warm-upWhatismedia?Howdoyouunderstandtheterm?Definethetermwithyourpartnerwithin50words.1.Cambridge:newspapers,magazines,radioandtelevisionconsideredasagroup2.Oxford:themainwaysthatlargenumbersofpeoplereceiveinformationandentertainment,thatistelevision,radio,newspapersandtheInternet.3.Wikipedia:Incommunications,media(singularmedium)arethestorageandtransmissionchannelsortoolsusedtostoreanddeliverinformationordata.Itisoftenreferredtoassynonymouswithmassmediaornewsmedia,butmayrefertoasinglemediumusedtocommunicateanydataforanypurpose.Doyouknowthefollowingtermsrelatedto“media”?Illustratethemwithsomeexamples.1.Advertisingmedia:variousmedia,content,buyingandplacementforadvertising2.Broadcastmedia:communicationsdeliveredovermasselectroniccommunicationnetworks,e.g.TV,radio3.Digitalmedia:electronicmediausedtostore,transmit,andreceivedigitizedinformation,e.g.Internet4.Hypermedia:mediawithhyperlinks,e.g.Internet5.Massmedia:allmeansofmasscommunications6.Multimedia:communicationsthatincorporatemultipleformsofinformationcontentandprocessing,e.g.Internet(includingtext,audio,stillimages,animation,videofootageorinteractivity)7.Newmedia:abroadtermencompassingtheamalgamationoftraditionalmediawiththeinteractivepowerofcomputerandcommunicationstechnology,e.g.Internet,websites,computermultimedia,8.Newsmedia:massmediafocusedoncommunicatingnews,e.g.(paper-basedpublication),e.g.magazine,newspaper10.Publishedmedia:anymediamadeavailabletothepublic11.Socialmedia:mediadisseminatedthroughsocialinteraction,e.g.renren.com,Facebook,Twitter【Unit1】TextIWhatMakesMainstreamMediaMainstream2Whattypesofmediadomainstreammediaencompass?Whydoyouthinkmainstreammediaarecontrolledbyandwhatisthemotiveforcontrolling?RecentlyacomplaintpostedonSinaweibo,apopularmicro-bloggingwebsiteinChina,aboutaSanyaseafoodrestaurantoverchargingtouristshastriggeredcontroversyamongWebusers.Howdoesmicro-bloggingaffectthesocietyintermsofthefreedomofinformation?Howisitdifferentfromthetraditionalmedia?Theseafoodstall/restaurantwiththeskyhighpricesexposedby罗迪微博:朋友一家3口前天在三亚吃海鲜，3个普通菜被宰近4000元。他说是被出租车司机推荐来的。邻座一哥们指着池里一条大鱼刚问价，店家手脚麻利将鱼捞出摔晕，一称11斤，每斤580元共6000多元。那哥们刚想说理，出来几个东北大汉，只好收声认栽。别说服务水平了，连最基本的诚信都做不到，遑论国际旅游岛。——罗迪微薄(2012年1月28日)(Moreinformationaboutthenewsisavailableatthefollowingwebpage:)DoyouknowanyothereventthathasgotalotofmediaexposureinChinaortheworld?Trytouncovertherealreasonswhyitgotsomuchattention.【Unit1】TextIWhatMakesMainstreamMediaMainstream3WhatMakesMainstreamMediaMainstreamNoamChomsky1【1】PartofthereasonwhyIwriteaboutthemediaisbecauseIaminterestedinthewholeintellectualculture,andthepartofitthatiseasiesttostudyisthemedia.Itcomesouteveryday.Youcandoasystematicinvestigation.Youcancompareyesterday’sversiontotoday’sversion.Thereisalotofevidenceaboutwhat’splayedup2andwhatisn’tandthewaythingsarestructured.【2】Myimpressionisthemediaaren’tverydifferentfromscholarshiporfrom,say,journalsofintellectualopinion–therearesomeextraconstraints3–butit’s1AvramNoamChomskyAvramNoamChomsky(bornDecember7,1928)isanAmericanlinguist,philosopher,cognitivescientist,historian,andactivist.HeisaProfessorintheDepartmentofLinguistics&PhilosophyatMIT,wherehehasworkedforover50years.Chomskyhasbeendescribedasthe“fatherofmodernlinguistics”andamajorfigureofanalyticphilosophy.Hisworkhasinfluencedfieldssuchascomputerscience,mathematics,andpsychology.AccordingtotheArtsandHumanitiesCitationIndexin1992,Chomskywascitedasasourcemoreoftenthananyotherlivingscholarfrom1980to1992,andwastheeighthmostcitedsourceoverall.2playsthup:totrytomakesthseemmoreimportantthanitis夸大…的重要性；渲染(P6)SYNoverplayOPPplaydownplayup|playsbup:(informal,especiallyBrE)tocausesbproblemsorpain（给某人）添麻烦；使痛苦●Thekidshavebeenplayingupallday.孩子们整天价惹麻烦。●Myshoulderisplayingmeuptoday.我的肩膀今天疼起来了。3constraintvs.limitvs.restrictionvs.controlvs.restraintvs.limitationTheseareallwordsforsththatlimitswhatyoucandoorwhatcanhappen.以上各词均表示限制或限定。constraint:(ratherformal)afactordecisionthatlimitswhatyoucando指限制、限定、约束：●Wehavetoworkwithinsevereconstraintsoftimeandmoney.我们必须在时间紧迫、资金紧绌的限制下工作。limit:thegreatestorsmallestamountofsththatisallowed指极限、限量、限额【Unit1】TextIWhatMakesMainstreamMediaMainstream4●TheEUhassetstrictlimitsonpollutionlevels.欧盟对污染程度订下了严格的限制。●thespeedlimit速度限制restriction:(ratherformal)aruleorlawthatlimitswhatyoucando指限制规定、限制法规●Therearenorestrictionsontheamountofmoneyyoucanwithdraw.取款没有限额。control:(oftenincompounds)theactoflimitingormanagingsth;amethodofdoingthis（常构成复合词）指限制、约束、管理、管制●armscontrol军备控制restraint:(ratherformal)adecision,arule,anidea,etc.thatlimitswhatyoucando;theactoflimitingsthbecauseitisnecessaryorsensibletodoso指约束力、管制措施、制约因素、控制、限制●Thegovernmenthasimposedexportrestraintsonsomeproducts.政府对一些产品实行了出口控制。●Theunionsareunlikelytoacceptanysortofwagerestraint.工会不大可能接受任何形式的工资限制。limitation:theactorprocessoflimitingsth;arule,factorconditionthatlimitssth指限制、控制、起限制作用