宁波诺丁汉大学英语与应用语言学分析解析

TheMiddleEasterBazaarPartILead-inPartIIBackgroundInformationPartIIIWritingWorkshopPartIVStructuralAnalysisPartVQuestionsforDetailedAnalysisPartVIAssignmentPre-readingQuestionsWhatisabazaar?CanyounamesomeoftheMiddleEasternBazaar?Nameallthemarketsinthebazaar.Pickoutfromthetextthewordsusedtodescribe:Lightandheat/soundandmovementA.TheMiddleEast:TheMiddleEast(or,formerlymorecommon,theNearEast[1])isaregionthatspanssouthwesternAsia,southeasternEurope,andnortheasternAfrica.Ithasnoclearboundaries,oftenusedasasynonymtoNearEast,inoppositiontoFarEast.ThehistoryoftheMiddleEastdatesbacktoancienttimes,andthroughoutitshistorytheMiddleEasthasbeenamajorcentreofworldaffairs.TheMiddleEastisalsothehistoricaloriginofthreeoftheworld’smajorreligions-Judaism,Christianity,andIslam.TheMiddleEastgenerallyhasanaridandhotclimate,withseveralmajorriversprovidingforirrigationtosupportagricultureinlimitedareas.ManycountrieslocatedaroundthePersianGulfhavelargequantitiesofcrudeoil.InmoderntimestheMiddleEastremainsastrategically,economically,politically,culturallyandreligiouslysensitiveregion.SomeofthecountriesintheMiddleEast:Turkey,SaudiArabia,UnitedArabEmirates,Iran,Iraq,Kuwait,Yemen,Israel,Lebanon….B.BazaarAbazaarisapermanentmerchandisingarea,marketplace,orstreetofshopswheregoodsandservicesareexchangedorsold.ThewordderivesfromthePersianwordbāzār,theetymologyofwhichgoesbacktotheMiddlePersianwordbaha-char,meaningtheplaceofpricesTheBazaarofIsfahanisoneoftheoldestandlargestbazaarsoftheMiddleEast,datingbacktothe17thcenturyA.D.Thebazaarisavaultedtwokilometerstreetlinkingtheoldcitywiththenew.[TheGrandBazaar(Turkish:Kapalıçarşı,meaningCoveredBazaar)inIstanbulisoneofthelargestandoldestcoveredmarketsintheworld,withmorethan58coveredstreetsandover1,200shopswhichattractbetween250,000and400,000visitorsdaily.Brainstorming1Whattypeofwritingisit?Why(backyouranswerwithreasons,thecharacteristicsofthetypeofwritinginquestionandsomeexamplesfromthetext)DescriptiveWriting2Whatis/thecharacteristicsofdescriptivewriting?Goal:Descriptivewritingvividlyportraysaperson,place,orthinginsuchawaythatthereadercanvisualizethetopicandenterintothewriter’sexperience.Use:Descriptivewritingappearsalmosteverywhereandisoftenincludedinothergenre,suchasinadescriptiveintroductionofacharacterinanarrative.Twotypes:objectivedescription(observer-suspendjudgment)andsubjectivedescription(commentatororcritics-tojudge,commentorcriticize-strongpersonalflavorandpreference)elaborateuseofsensorylanguage（Paragraph1,din,tinkling…）(pre-modifiednouns;excitingandactiveverbs,suitablevocabulary)rich,vivid,andlivelydetail(p2-3,paragraph5)figurativelanguagesuchassimile,hyperbole,metaphor,symbolismandpersonification(p1goodsofeveryconceivablekind)showing,ratherthantellingthroughtheuseofactiveverbsandprecisemodifiers（paragraph1thedinof..cryingtheirwares..）Exerciseone:chocolateThinkofatleastfivewordstodescribeapieceofchocolate;(soft,smooth,rich,divine,)(wrapped,swathed,draped,buried,enrobed)…thinkofwaystodescribehowittastes.Examples:VanillaFlourish:richdarkchocolatecoversaluxuriousvanillaflavorfudge（软糖）centerHazelnutinGold：Softcaramelelegantlyenrobesawholehazelnut(榛子)RoastedNutHarvest:SmoothhazelnutpralinedrapedinrichdarkchocolateHoneycombJewel:Honeycombflavorpieces,buriedlittletreasures,withinanislandofdarkchocolateExerciseTwo:Instructions:Hereisaneffectivetopicsentenceforadescriptiveparagraph:Mymostvaluablepossessionisanold,slightlywarped,blondguitar--thefirstinstrumentthatIevertaughtmyselfhowtoplay.Readthesentencescarefully,andthenpickoutonlythosethatsupportthetopicsentencewithprecisedescriptivedetails.1.ItisaMadeirafolkguitar,allscuffedandscratchedandfinger-printed.2.Mygrandparentsgaveittomeonmythirteenthbirthday.3.IthinktheyboughtitattheMusicLoversShopinRochesterwheretheyusedtolive.4.Atthetopisabrambleofcopper-woundstrings,eachonehookedthroughtheeyeofasilvertuningkey.5.Althoughcopperstringsaremuchharderonthefingersthannylonstrings,theysoundmuchbetterthanthenylonones.6.Thestringsarestretcheddownalongslimneck.7.Thefretsontheneckaretarnished,andthewoodhasbeenworndownbyyearsoffingerspressingchords.8.ItwasthreemonthsbeforeIcouldeventunetheguitarproperly,andanotherfewmonthsbeforeIcouldmanagethebasicchords.9.Youhavetobeverypatientwhenfirstlearninghowtoplaytheguitar.10.Youshouldsetasideacertaintimeeachdayforpractice.11.ThebodyoftheMadeiraisshapedlikeanenormousyellowpear,onethathasbeenslightlydamagedinshipping.12.Aguitarcanbeawkwardtohold,particularlyifitseemsbiggerthanyouare,butyouneedtolearnhowtoholditproperlyifyou'reevergoingtoplayitright.13.Iusuallyplaysittingdownbecauseit'smorecomfortablethatway.14.Theblondwoodhasbeenchippedandgougedtogray,particularlywherethepickguardfelloffyearsago.15.IhaveaGibsonnowandhardlyeverplaytheMadeiraanymore.Here'sthetopicsentenceofadescriptiveparagraphtitledTheCandle:Itreasuremycandlenotforitsbeauty,itssentimentalvalue,orevenitsusefulness,butforitssimple,starkugliness.Therestoftheparagraphappearsbelow.However,thesentenceshave