反倾销介绍及案例分析

Anti-dumpingandcountervailingdutiesagainstChinain2009Anti-dumpingandcountervailingdutiesallegedlyoccurwhenaproductsellsitsproductsabroadatan“unfair”price,generallydefinedthatthefirmchargesitsdomesticcustomersor“belowcost”.Dumpingisoftenseenasequivalenttopredatorypricing--sellingbelowcosttodrivecompetitorsoutofbusiness.Anti-dumpingandcountervailingdutiesWTOallowscountriestoimposeanti-dumpingorcountervailingdutiesonaproductWhenthereisExistenceofdumpingMaterialinjuryCause-and-effectlinkage。Aftertheglobalfinancialcrisis,foreignenterprisesarefacingcompetitionanddualpressurefromglobalanddomesticmarketbecauseoftherapiddeclineinglobalmarletdemand.manycountrieshadintroducedavarietyoftrade-protectingmeasurestopreventglobalmarketfromshrinkingduetotradediversion.Background目前全球35%的反倾销调查和71%的反补贴调查针对中国出口产品。截至2008年，中国已连续14年成为遭受反倾销调查最多的经济体，连续3年成为遭受反补贴调查最多的经济体。仅自2008年11月以来，中国就遭受超过100项的贸易保护主义壁垒，占同期世界各国各地区采取的贸易保护主义措施的三分之一强，名列世界第一。Atprsent35%oftheworldanti-dumpinginvestigationsand71%oftheanti-subsidyinvestigationsaredirectedagainstChineseexports.Bytheyearof2008,Chinahasbeenhitthemostbyanti-dumpinginvestigationsfor14yearsinsuccessionandbyanti-subsidyinvestigationsfor3yearsrunning.SinceNovember2008,Chinahadsufferedmorethan100oftradebarriersmeasures,accountingfornearly1/3ofthewholeprotectionismmeasures,rankingfirstthroughouttheworld.CompanyLogoReasonFortheenterprisesinChina,anti-dumpingisfairlyunfair.SomecountriessuchasEUandU.S.donotaknowledgeChinaasanationofmarketeconomy.Andthereforcostandpriceareplaned,notdeterminedbythemarket,resultingthatwhencalculatingnormalvalue,foreigncountriesuauallyadoptasurrogatecountry'smarketvaluetoreplacethecostandpriceoftheenterprisesinvolvedinChina.Theapproahmentionedaboveisappearantlyunfair.However,theUSandEUwillcontinetoadoptthisapproachinthenext15years.Intermsofthecountriesandregionsthatinitiatedanti-dumpingandcountervailinginvestigationsagainstChina,IndiacomestothefirstplacetofilethemostcasesagainstChina.AlthoughthenumberofcompliantsthatEUandtheUSmadeislessthanthatofIndia,theytwostillholdatremendosmarketshareaccountingfor40%inChinesexports.Intermsoftheitems,theanti-dumpingandcountervailinginvestigationinitiatedagainstChinaaremainlyconcentratedonsteel,texiles,autopartsandlightindustryproducts.China-UStiressafeguardEventsEU’santi-dumpinglawsuitonSeamlessSteelPipesandtubesAnti-dumpinglawsuitsonshoesChina-UStiressafeguardEvents4月20日：美国钢铁工人协会宣布，依据美国1974年贸易法第421条款，向美国国际贸易委员会提出对中国输美商用轮胎的特殊保障措施案申请，要求美政府对中国出口的用于客车、轻型卡车、迷你面包车和运动型汽车的2100万个轮胎实施进口配额限制4月29日：美国国际贸易委员会在联邦纪事上公告启动对中国轮胎产品的特保调查。这是时隔三年多之后，美国又一次对中国产品发起特保调查，而且涉案金额巨大。我国政府对此表示强烈不满并坚决反对6月18日：美国国际贸易委员会对中国乘用车及轻卡车轮胎特保案做出肯定性损害裁决，认定中国轮胎产品进口的大量增加，造成或威胁造成美国内产业的市场扰乱。中国政府对此深表遗憾6月29日：美国国际贸易委员会就对中国轮胎采取特保措施，提出了对乘用车、轻型货车用中国制轮胎征收3年特别关税的方案，第1年至第3年额外征收的关税分别为55%、45%、35%8月7日：美国贸易代表办公室在华盛顿举行听证会，就“中国输美轮胎特保案”听取各方意见。这已是美方第二次就这一特保案进行听证9月2日：美贸易代表办公室将在咨询财政部、劳工部、商务部等部门意见后，向奥巴马提出相关建议9月17日前：奥巴马将综合各方建议作出最后裁决China-UStiressafeguardEventsSept11th2009,theUSPresidentBarackObamadecidedtotakespecialprotectivemeasuresonChinesetirefor3years,respctivelyadd30%,25%and20%punitivetariffsontheoriginalprice.China-UStiressafeguardEventsOnJanuary19th2010,WTOdisputemechnismsetupanexpertpanelandpublishedthereportonDecember13ththatAmericanmeasuresdidnotbreakagainstWTOregulations.In2011,ChinagaveitatryonceagaintosubmitanappealtoWTO.OnSept.5ththefinalreportonthedisputesettlementmechanismmaintainedthesameandcontinuedtorecognizethecomplianceoftheUSmeasuresChina-UStiressafeguardEventsCommentsMr.zhou,SeniorprofessoronChina-USrelationsofTinghuaUniversity,toldthereortersthattheUSsafeguardmeasuresisanabuseofprotectiveinstruments.Addingthisisabviouslytradeprotectionism.China'ssteelexportin2009isexceptionallydifficult.Becauseoftheglobalfinancialcrisis,theinternationalsteeldemandfellsharply,woseningtradeenvironment.In2009,therewas21anti-dumpingandcountervilingcasesagainstChinamainlyinitiatedbytheUSandEU.InJuly2009theEUCommissionannouncedthattheseamlesssteelpipeimportedfromChinaisinexistenceofdumping,andhadcausedsubstantialdamagetoEU'sindustry,andproposedanti-dumpingdutiesimposed17.7-39.2%.Itwaslearnedthat12membersvoteinfavoroftaxation,11againstandfourabstained(inthevotingmechanismtheofEU,abstentionregardedasthesupport),theEuropeanCommissiontaxproposalswereultimatelyapproved.EU’santi-dumpinglawsuitonSeamlessSteelPipesandtubesEU’santi-dumpinglawsuitonSeamlessSteelPipesandtubesAugust2009,EUanti-dumpingcommitteesupportedEuropeanCommissiononimposing5-yearlevyanti-dumpingdutiesonseamlesssteelpipeimportedfromChina.Andanalysistssaidtheanti-dumpingtaxratecouldbeupto40%.EU’santi-dumpinglawsuitonSeamlessSteelPipesandtubesOnoctober6th2009,EUcouncilofMinistersmadeanannouncementthatseamlesssteelpipeimportedfromChinahadcausedmaterialinjurytoEU'industriesandtheydecidedtoimposeanti-dumpingdutiesof17.7%~39.2%.HurtthetraderationswithChinahurtthemutualinterestofbothpartiesEU’santi-dumpinglawsuitonSeamlessSteelPipesandtubesSignificanceTheanti-dumpingdutiesimposedbyEUAnti-dumpinglawsuitsonshoesInviewofChina-UStiressafeguardevent