2018年9月8日雅思阅读考情回顾

雅思考试机经2018年9月8日雅思阅读考情回顾一、考试时间：2018年9月8日（周六）二、考试概述：本次考试两旧一新，且第一篇是经典题库题，很多出版物都有所收录。第一篇thehistoryofbuildingtelegraphlines，介绍电报的铺设，是2016年1月9日B卷和2016年12月10日的旧题，类似题材的文章，比如莫斯代码，比如贝尔实验室，也都在历届真题中出现过。第二篇Bizenceramics是2012年7月7日的旧题，介绍日本瓷器。第三篇GiantDinosaur，介绍的是巨型恐龙，目前没找到过往出题痕迹。三、文章简介Passage1:thehistoryofbuildingtelegraphlines，电报发展史Passage2:Bizenceramics，备前瓷器Passage3:GiantDinosaur，巨型恐龙四、篇章分析：Passage1：文章内容文章讲述了电报的发展史，围绕它的发明和水上电报发展过程等展开。题型分布与答案参考答案：1IntheresearchofFrenchscientists,themetallineswereusedtosendmessageT2Abbotsgavethemonksanelectricalshockatthesametime,whichconstitutestheexplorationonthelong-distancesignaling.T3UsingMorseCodetosendmessageneedtosimplifythemessagefirstlyF4MorsewasafamousinventorbeforeheinventedthecodeT5Thewaterissignificanttoearlytelegraphrepeateroncontinent.T6USGovernmentofferedfundtotheIstoverlandlineacrossthecontinentNGQuestions7-14Answerthequestionsbelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes7-14onyouranswersheet.7.WhyisthedisadvantagefortheCharlesWheatstone'stelegraphsystem雅思考试机经tofailinthebeginning?It'sexpensive8.Whatmaterialwasusedforinsulatingcableacrossthesea?latex9.WhatwasusedbyBritishpioneerstoincreasetheweightofthecableinthesea?Leadripe10.WhatdidFishermanmistakenlytakethecableas?Unusualseaseed11.WhowasthemessagefirstlysenttoacrosstheAtlanticbytheQueen?PresidentBuchanan12.Whatgiantanimalswereusedtocarrythecablethroughdesert?camels13.WhatweatherconditiondiditdelaytheconstructioninnorthAustralia?Tropicalrain14.HowlongdidittaketosendatelegraphmessagefromAustraliatoEngland?Severalhours相关拓展ATheideaofelectricalcommunicationseemstohavebegunaslongagoas1746,whenabout200monksatmonasteryinParisarrangedthemselvesinalineoveramilelong,eachholdingendsof25ftironwires.Theabbot,alsoascientist,dischargedaprimitiveelectricalbatteryintothewire,givingallthemonksasimultaneouselectricalshock.Thisallsoundsverysilly,butisinfactextremelyimportantbecause,firstly,theyallsaid'ow'whichshowedthatyouweresendingasignalrightalongtheline;and,secondly,theyallsaid'ow'atthesametime,andthatmeantthatyouweresendingthesignalveryquickly,explainsTomStandage,authoroftheVictorianInternetandtechnologyeditorattheEconomist.Givenamorehumanedetectionsystem,thiscouldbeawayofsignalingoverlongdistances.BWithwarsinEuropeandcoloniesbeyond,suchasignallingsystemwasurgentlyneeded.Allsortsofelectricalpossibilitieswereproposed,someofthemquiteridiculous.TwoEnglishmen,WilliamCookeandCharlesWheatstonecameupwithasysteminwhichdialsweremadetopointatdifferentletters,butthatinvolvedfivewiresandwouldhavebeenexpensivetoconstruct.CMuchsimplerwasthatofanAmerican,SamuelMorse,whosesystemonlyrequiredasinglewiretosendacodeofdots雅思考试机经anddashes.Atfirst,itwasimaginedthatonlyafewhighlyskilledencoderswouldbeabletouseitbutitsoonbecameclearthatmanypeoplecouldbecomeproficientinMorsecode.AsystemoflinesstrungontelegraphpolesbegantospreadinEuropeandAmerica.DThenextproblemwastocrossthesea.Britain,asanislandwithanempire,ledtheway.Anysuchcablehadtobeinsulatedandthefirstbreakthroughcamewiththediscoverythatarubber-likelatexfromatropicaltreeontheMalaypeninsulacoulddothetrick.Itwascalledguttapercha.Thefirstattemptatacrosschannelcablecamein1850.Withthinwireandthickinstallation,itfloatedandhadtobeweigheddownwithleadpipe.EItneverworkedwellastheeffectofwateronitselectricalpropertieswasnotunderstood,anditisreputedthataFrenchfishermenhookedoutasectionandtookithomeasastrangenewformofseaweedThecablewastoobigforasingleboatsotwohadtostartinthemiddleoftheAtlantic,jointheircablesandsailinoppositedirections.Amazingly,theysucceededin1858,andthisenabledQueenVictoriatosendatelegraphmessagetoPresidentBuchanan.However,the98-wordmessagetookmorethan19hourstosendandamisguidedattempttoincreasethespeedbyincreasingthevoltageresultedinfailureofthelineaweeklater.FBy1870,asubmarinecablewasheadingtowardsAustralia.ItseemedlikelythatitwouldcomeashoreatthenorthernportofDarwinfromwhereitmightconnectaroundthecoasttoQueenslandandNewSouthWales.Itwasanundertakingmoreambitiousthanspanninganocean.Flocksofsheephadtobedrivenwiththe400workerstoprovidefood.Theyneededhorsesandbullockcartsand,fortheparchedinterior,camels.Inthenorth,tropicalrainslefttheteamsflooded.Inthecentre,itseemedthattheywoulddieofthirst.OnecriticalsectionintheredheartofAustraliainvolvedfindingaroutethroughthe雅思考试机经McDonnellmountainrangeandthenfindingwaterontheotherside.GThewaterwasnotonlyessentialfortheconstructionteam.Therehadtobetelegraphrepeaterstationseveryfewhundredmilestoboostthesignalandthestaffobviouslyhadtohaveasupplyofwater,lustasonemappingteamwasabouttogiveupandresorttodrinkingbrackishwater,someaboriginalstookpityonthem.Altogether,40,000telegraphpoleswereusedintheAustralianoverlandwire.Somewerecutfromtrees.Wheretherewerenotrees,orwheretermitesatethewood,steelpoleswereimported.HOnThursday,August22,1872,theoverlandlinewascompletedandthefirstmessagescouldbesentacrossthecontinent;andwithinafewmonths,AustraliawasatlastindirectcontactwithEnglandviathesubmarinecable,too.Thelineremainedinservicetob