状语从句

状语从句一、概念：状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。二、时间状语从句常用引导词:when,as,while当...时before在...之前,after...在...之后,since自从...以来,till,until直到...为止，assoonas一...就...,特殊引导词:theminute一...就...,themoment一...就...,thesecond这一秒,everytime每次,immediately一...就...,directly一...就...,nosooner…than一...就...,hardly…when一...就...,scarcely…whenDon’tbeafraidofaskingforhelpwhenitisneeded.如果你需要时别不敢求援。MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyasFatherwasawayinFrance.妈妈很担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，尤其是在爸爸远在法国的这个时候。WhathaveyoubeendoingsinceIlastsawyou?自我上次和你见面以后，你在做什么？-Whatwasthepartylike?晚会怎么样？-Wonderful.It'syearssinceIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.好极了。多年了我从未如此高兴。Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.直到河里的鱼都死了村民们才意识到污染的严重性。-I'mgoingtothepostoffice．我要到邮局去。-Whileyouarethere，canyougetmesomestamps？你在那时，能给我买些邮票吗？Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungupbeforeIcouldanswerthetelephone.有人半夜给我打电话，但是我还没来得及接他们就挂断了。Hehadnosoonergottothelabthanhesetouttodotheexperiment.他一到实验室就着手工作。I'llgotothecinemaafterI'vefinishedthework.完成作业后，我将去看电影。I'llgiveyouaphoneassoonasIcomeback.我一回来就给你打电话。Ihaven'theardfromTomsinceMay.自从五月份以来我就没有收到汤姆的信。Heworkedtillmidnight.他一直工作到深夜。Cometoseemewheneveryoulike.不论何时，只要你高兴就可以来见我。Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.他刚一到,她就开始抱怨起来。—DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher？你记着还给玛丽的欠款了吗？—Yes．IgaveittoherthemomentIsawher．是的。我一见到她就还给她了。IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.我第一次见她就对她印象很好并认为她很诚实。Everytimeyougetbackatnight,youdropyourshoesonthefloor.你每一次晚上回来，都把鞋子丢在地板上。Ididn'thaveapennythelasttimeIsawyou.上一次见你时，我身无分文。IrecognizedherinstantlyIsawher.我一看见她就把她认出来了。Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediatelysheheardthenoise.那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。Directlythemastercamein,everyonewasquiet.校长一进来，大家就安静下来。二、地点状语从句常用引导词:where特殊引导词:wherever,anywhere,everywhereYoushouldmakeitaruletoleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.你应当养成惯例，将东西放在你能找到的地方。Shefoundhercalculatorwhereshelostit.他在她丢的地方找到了计算器。Everywheretheywent,thedistinguishedguestswerewarmlywelcomed.贵宾每到一处都受到了热烈的欢迎。Sitwhereveryoulike.请随便坐。Youcantakeitwithyouwhereveryougo.不论走到什么地方，你都可随身携带它。注意：where除了表示地点外，还可以表示条件、对比和让步。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。（条件）Wewanttostayathome,wherechildrenwouldratherspendtheholidayinthecountry.我们想留在家里，而孩子们却愿到乡间度假。（对比）WhereverIwent,thedogfollowedme.无论我走到哪里，这只狗总跟着我。（让步）三、原因状语从句常用引导词:because,since,as,for特殊引导词:seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringthat,asmuchas,somuchasJaneworearaincoatbecauseitwasraining.因为天下雨，所以詹穿着雨衣。I'lldoitforyousinceyouarebusy.既然你忙，我来替你做吧。Sinceyouinsist,I'llgo.既然你坚持，那我就去。Wehadbetterhurryasit'sgettingdark.因为天快要黑了，我们最好快点。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨晚准是下雨了，今天早上地面还是湿的。Thedaybreaks,forthebirdsaresinging.小鸟在歌唱，一定是天亮了。Nowthatyou’vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.既然你有了机会，你要充分利用它。*seeingthat,consideringthat和inthat引导原因状语从句这几个连词同since,as近义，都有“鉴于某个事实，原因”是之意。Consideringthathe'sonlybeenlearningEnglishayear,hespeaksitverywell.鉴于他只学了一年，他英语讲得就是很好。Seeingthathewasill,theysentforthedoctor.鉴于他病情严重，他们派人请医生。Inthatsheisill,shefeelsunabletodoit.因为病了，她觉得不能做那件事。*notthat…butthat…引导原因状语从句这是一种加强语气的表示原因的结构，意为“不是因为，而是因为”NotthatIdon'tlikethefilm,butthatIhavenotimeforit.不是因为我不喜欢这部电影，而是因为我没时间看。四、目的状语从句常用引导词:sothat,inorderthat特殊引导词:lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthatJohnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchensothathecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。Thesemenrisktheirlivesinorderthatwemaylivemoresafely.这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。Drivecarefully(so)thateveryonecanenjoyalonglife.开车小心点，让大家多活几年。辨析：inorderthat引导的状语从句可以放在句首、与句尾，而sothat引导的只能放在句尾；如果从句主语与主句主语一致都可转换成不定式。Shewentdowntownsothat/inorderthatshewouldbuysomeclothes.=Shewentdowntownsoasto/inordertobuysomeclothes.为了买些衣服她进城。Inorderthathecouldmakehimselfunderstood,heexplaineditagain.=Inordertomakehimselfunderstood,heexplaineditagain.为了让大家理解，他又解释了一遍。*lest,forfearthat和incase引导目的状语从句这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。forfearthat和incase从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。Iobeyedherlestsheshouldbeangry.我得顺着她，免得她生气。Takeahatwithyouincasethesunisveryhot.倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。五、结果状语从句常用引导词:sothat,so…that,such…that,特殊引导词:suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethatSodifficultdidIfeelittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.我感到在讲英语的国家里生活太难了，因此我决定学好英语。Heworkedhardsothathepassedtheexam.他学习很努力，结果通过了考试。Hespokeforsuchalongtimethatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他讲了那么长时间，人们开始打起瞌睡了。*so…that与such…that的区别这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。（1）单数名词在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。Sheissuchagoodteacherthatallofusloveher.=Sheissogoodateacherthatallofusloveher.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。（2）不可数名词或复数可数名词如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。HemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglish.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词)Theyaresuchinterestingbooksthatweallwanttoreadthem.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可数名词)（3）名词前