遗传资源获取与惠益分享合同研究

华中科技大学硕士学位论文遗传资源获取与惠益分享合同研究姓名：陈谊申请学位级别：硕士专业：经济法指导教师：罗玉中20050430ICBDWIPOMTAIIAbstractTheprotectionandutilizingeffectivelyofGeneticResourcesistheinevitablechoicesforvariouscountriestodevelopscientificandtechnologicalstrength,protectthebiodiversityandsecurityoflivingbeings.Lessdevelopedcountriesparticularlypayattentiontothebenefit-sharingofGeneticResources.ThereisstillnotanunifiedGeneticResourcesbenefit-sharingmechanismintheworldatpresent.Thesituationsofthreekindsofmechanismtripartiteequilibriumexistmainly:Worldconsults,contract(agreement),thecountrylegislation.amongwhich,thecontractualagreementislookedasthemostusefultoolsforthebenefit-sharingoftheGeneticResources.TheContractualAgreementsAccesstoGeneticResourcesandBenefit-Sharingismorespontaneoustoproduce,WiththeworkofWIPOandCBD,andwiththepracticeinvariouscountries,thecontractisbecomingaimportantlawtoolformanyinternationalorganizationandvariouscountries’researchinstitutionorenterpriseusingGeneticResourcesandassigningrelevantbenefits.TheContractualAgreementsAccesstoGeneticResourcesandBenefit-Sharingissubjectto“contractlaw“ofvariouscountries.Itisanewtypeofnamelesscontract.Theadjustmentwaythatcanconsultthemostsimilarfamouscontractisadjusted.Thiscontractcanbedividedintofourkinds,amongwhichthemostimportantthingis“thematerialtransferagreement(MTA)”.Thecontracthaveitsownpeculiarcharacteristicsinsubject,object,rightsandobligationsanddisputemechanism.Internationalorganizationsatpresentdevotedtobuildingthedatabaseofthecontractsandthestudyofthemodelcontracts.Theyhopetosummarizetheuniversalityprincipleorguidelineforusingthiscontract.Withthecomparativestudyforthemodelcontractsandthesummarizingoftheexperiencesandtheanalyseofourcountry’sactualconditionsofusingthecontract,wecanconstitutethecontract’sguidelineofourcountryandsuggestionsonthecorrelativelegislationoftheaccessandbenefit-sharingcontracts.Generallyspeaking,weshouldclarifythesubject,fullyconsideralltheproblemsintheprocessofthenegotiationconsult.Accordingtothecurrentsituation,bio-diversityprotectionandcurrentsituationofenvironmentalprotectionofthebiologicaltechnicalIIIdevelopmentofourcountry,weshouldselectthelong-termtypethatcanbringaboutanadvanceinbiotechnologyofourcountry,maintainthebio-diversityandsecurityoflivingbeingsforusetofavourbenefitofthecontract.KeyWords:GeneticResourcesbenefit-sharingcontractmodelcontractsguideline2005430_____20054301WIPOCBD2311.11.1.1,,21CBD“”“”FAOITPGR451.1.2CBDWIPOUNEPCBD7WIPO2001”CBDWIPO/1UNEP/CBD1992620022WIPO[1]2000WIPOIGC123CBD200112IGC200212200423WTO/TRIPSTRIPS27.127.3bTRIPSTRIPS7TRIPSTRIPS27.3b[2]TRIPS[3]TRIPSTRIPS27.3(b)TRIPS27.3(b)27.3(b)WTOWTOWTOTRIPS4FAOCGRFA2001CBD8WTOTRIPSTRIPS[4]PBRS91998TRIPSTEIPS98/44suigenerissystem[5]TRIPS27.3b[6]FAO10[7][8]111.21.2.1[9]1991NationalBiodiversityInstituteINBioMerckIn-situconservation19921515.4CBD15[10]16191.2.2121.2.2.1CBD1996113[11]III/15……[12]199910[13],[14][15]5V/26WIPO[16]1)2)[17]2132200110WIPO200112IGC200212[18][19]200112IGC20042WIPO2001IGC20011420023020043IGC2001FAO2001FAO1983CBDMTAMTA[20]MTAMTAMTA1993[21]1.2.2.21530(2000),“()”1.2.2.3(ASEAN)391(16)[22](NIH)(NCI)1722.1[23]VertragConvention17[24]1804[25]18“”“”CBD……152[26]2.2WIPOtheContractualAgreementsAccesstoGeneticResourcesandBenefit-Sharing19WIPO2003IGC[27]44123420MTAsMTAs(cellculture)[28]MTAsMTASMTAsCBDMTA[29]MTAsMTAsabcMTA21MTA[30](CRADAs)1994CGRFA[31][32]222.3[33]MTAMTAMTA23123456exsitu24“”“”“”[34]25[35]1CBD223[36]264IARCCGIAR5[37]1(1)(2)(3)(4)12,2731552(1)(2)(3)(4)1234(ADR)ADR28ADR:[38](UNCITRAL)UNCITRA[39]WIPOMerck101529[40]303[41]WIPO31[42]3.11991[43]INBioMerck[44]LARIRBGKEW[45]TNCC(ThailandNetworkonCultureCollection)BIOTEC[46]32INBioMerck19919INBioINBio1,135,000INBioINBioMerckINBioINBioMerckINBio-Merck[47]11-3%13.542199211-3%INBio19943311-3%151996TNCCLARIRBGKEWINBioMerckINBioMerck[48]34INBioMerckINBioINBio1998BIOTECBIOTECBIOTECINBioMerck35,LARIRBGKEWgoodfaith[49]InbioInbio[50]362000203.2[51]20021237WIPO[52]((NCI))[53][54]1997[55]((NCI))1997(NCI)1989[56]2001WIPONCI38(NCI)KnowHow39(NCI)(DTP))9(SCO)DTP/NCIDTP/NCISCODTP/NCISCOabNCINCINCI3cNCI[57]NCISCO(sourcecountryorganization)SCOSCOACIAR252040knowhowACIAR(EPBCAct)AAFCNCINCI41modelagreementactualagreement[58]3.3MTA(CGIAR)[59]20014216.1.a)(MTA)[60](AUTM)(UBMTA)CGIAR(ICIPE)/(UBMTA)CGIAR(CGIAR)(IARCS)(ICIPE)ICIPECGIARUBMTACGIARCBDUBMTA43CGIARUBMTA[61]ICIPEaICIPE2000bICIPE200044CGIARUBMTAUBMTA30[62]4544.125902004MTA8000110464.2124712348UNEP[63]49123456[64]5051UNEP[65]1.(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(j)2.(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)52(f)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k)(l)(m)(n)(o)(p)(q)53(ADR)243246[66][67]ADR(UNCITRAL)54MTAA.1.2./B.1.2.3.4.5.6./7./8.C.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.559.10.11.4.31234/55667812341572361212351582[68]CBD[69]/59/4.460[70]WIPOUNEP2001“”612004[71]6263WIPOUNEP64[1]WIPO[2]TRIPSTRIPS27.3bTRIPS[3]CarlosMCorrea--48[4]WIPO/GRTKF/IC/6/5GENETICRESOURCES:DRAFTINTELLECTUALPROPERTYGUIDELINESFORACCESSANDBENEFI