BOOK7UNIT2动词不定式的被动语态

一.主动/被动语态Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.(主动语态)Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(被动语态)转换规则：(主动)S+V+OS(O)+V(be+V-ed)+by+O(S)，如：MissLiisteachingmusicnow.Musicisbeingtaught(byMissLi)now.一般进行完成现在过去将来时式二.常见主被动时态变化一览表---giveam/is/arebeinggivenhas/havebeengivenwas/werebeinggivenhadbeengivenshall/willhavebeengivenam/is/aregivenwas/weregivenshall/willbegiven1.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.2.Thewaterisbeingturnedintovapour.3.Thoseroomshavenotbeencleanedyet.4.Hewasseentoentertheroom.5.Atthattimetheywerebeingshownhowtorunthemachine.6.Radioshadjustbeeninventedthen,andpeopleweretalkingaboutsendingpicturesbyelectricity.7.MadameCuriewillalwaysberememberedasthediscovereroftheelementradium.8.Beforeyoucomeback,thebuildingwillhavebeenfinished.三.含有情态动词的被动语态：四.类似结构（begoingto,haveto等）的被动语态：Thisroomisgoingtobepaintednextweek.Goaway!Iwanttobeleftalone.Thisproblemcanbesolved.What’sdonecannotbeundone.GeorgemightbesenttoAmericanbyhiscompanyinAugust.五.不定式被动式的用法:3.不定式的完成被动式表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.E.g.Heorderedthebridgetobebuiltwithinthemonth.他命令在月内建成这座桥.(一般被动式)Shewasgladtohavebeengivensomuchhelp.得到如此多的帮助,她很高兴.(完成被动式)1.不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时(即，其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者）,要用不定式的被动式.2.不定式的一般被动式表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生;▲动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表一般式进行式完成式主动todotobedoingtohavedone被动tobedonetohavebeendone(1)Themeetingtobeheldisofgreatimportance.(2)Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearisjustbetweentheonebuiltlastyearandtheonebeingbuiltnow.(3)Thishouseseemstohavebeenbuiltbyagoodarchitect.Moreexamples:▲通常在believe,suppose,say,report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如：TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.ItissaidthatMikeissickinbed.Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.据说麦克卧床不起.Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被杀了.▲在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to.Theymakehercleanthefloor.Sheismadetocleanthefloorbythem.Wesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.六.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1)做主语（常用it做形式主语）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。2)做表语ThepartyistobeheldnextSaturdayevening.明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathyby….ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendtheopeningceremonyofAsianGames.Thenewdrugistobetestedoutonthe500overweightpeoplenextyear.3)做宾语Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.Hepretendedtohavebeenbeatenbyhisstep-father.这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。Theclerkwouldn’tliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers4)做宾语补足语Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。Thedisabledchildexpectedthecinematobedesignedbythechiefarchitect.5）做定语Whatavictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。TheEnglishareproudoftheOlympicGamestobeheldinLondon.6）做状语AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（bookingoffice）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.七.动词不定式主动表被动1.在“主语+be+adj+todo”句型中：常见的adj有hard，amusing，interesting，cheap，difficult，dangerous，easy，nice，important，pleasant.etc.Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theseapplesaregoodtoeat.2.当上述形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式：Ifoundhimeasytogetalongwith.Theydon’tthinkthegameinterestingtoplay.Ifindthelecturedifficulttounderstand.但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：Thehandwritingisdifficulttoberead.3.在too...to...和enoughto结构中。Thepassageistoohardtotranslate.Theboxistooheavytomove.Thisbookischeapenoughtobuy.但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用被动式：Thisboxistooheavytobelifted.4.不定式短语作后置定语时：Ihaveameeting______(attend)today.Hegavemesomebooks_______(read).I’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything__________(take)toyourparents?tobetakentoattendtoread★比较：Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打印：Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.(意思为：Igetsb.totypetheletter)1)I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Haveyouanyclothes____________(wash),sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)tobetakentobewashedtowash★注意：不定式的逻辑主语就是句子主语时，用主动；若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，用被动式。5.在Therebe句型：Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.Therearestillmanydifficultiestoovercome/tobeovercome.注意：有时候主动和被动表示不同的含义：There’snothingtodonow.(=Wehavenothingtodonow)There’snothingtosee.(=nothingworthseeing)There’snothingtobedone.(=Wecandonothingnow)There’snothingtobeseen.(=nothingthereatall)6.tolet,toblame,toseeketc.Thehouseistolet.Whoistoblameforit?Thereasonisnotfartoseek.1.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenExerciseB2.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only____thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldB3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldD4.LittleTomshouldlove____tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.takingA5.Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto____manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto____plasticsproducts.A.make;usingB.making;usingC.making;useD.make;useA6.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledC7.He___andwasmadetorepeatit.A.didn’tunderstandB.didn’tbeunderstoodC.w