交通事故责任认定法律制度之研究

12002320026D922.52TrafficAccidentsEstablishingtheLiabilityLegalSystem5716K2153031992121456AbstractWiththedeepeningofthereformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,roadtrafficisdevelopingataterrificspeed.However,trafficaccidentsincreasedramaticallyduetoimbalancesinthedevelopmentofautomobilesandroadconditions.AccordingtoMethodsforHandlingRoadTrafficAccidents,thepublicsecurityorgansareinchargeofdealingwithtrafficaccidents.Forlong,thepublicsecurityorgansareresponsiblefortakingofevidenceandestablishingliability,aswellasforadministrativepenalty,criminalinvestigationandthemediationofcivilremedies,withoutnecessaryinternalandexternalsupervisionsystem.Handlingcasesinaccordancewiththeprocedureisnotgoodforenforcinglawsstrictlyandimpartially,nottallywithmodernlegalconceptandhasnegativeeffectsonestablishingthelegalstate.Especiallywiththepopularity7ofautomobileconsuming,howpublicsecurityorgansexercisethepowertoestablishtheliabilityfortrafficaccidentswillincreasinglyaffecttheexerciseofcivilrights.Thus,amorescientificsystemhavetobeestablishedtoensurecorrectlyexercisingadministrativepowersothatcivilrightscanbetreatedmoreimpartiallyandrespectedinfaceofpowerandbegivenreliefwheninfringed.Inviewofthis,thepapermakesanall-roundandsystematicresearchinthesystemofestablishingtheliabilityfortrafficaccidents,inhopeformakingsomecontributionforthefurtherdevelopmentofthesystem.Partone,thecontentofestablishingtheliabilityfortrafficaccidents.Theestablishmentoftheliabilityfortrafficaccidentsreferstothepublicsecurityorgans’quantitativeandqualitativedeterminationofactsinviolationofregulationsexercisedbypartiesinvolved,aswellasthecasualrelationshipbetweenactsinviolationofregulationsandinjuriousconsequencescausedbytrafficaccidentsafterthepublicsecurityorganshavefoundoutthecauseoftrafficaccidents.Article17ofMethodsforRoadTrafficAccidentsissuedbytheStateCouncilstipulatesthatafterthecauseofthetrafficaccidentbecomesclear,thepublicsecurityorgansshouldestablishtheliabilityofthepartyaccordingtothecasualrelationshipbetweenactsinviolationofregulationandthetrafficaccidentaswellastheroleofactsinviolationofregulationinthetrafficaccident.Iftheactsexercisedbythepartyareinviolationofregulationsandthereiscasualrelationshipbetweentheoffenceagainstregulationsandthetrafficaccident,thepartyshouldberesponsibleforthetrafficaccident.Otherwisethepartyshouldnot.Theliabilityfortrafficaccidentsincludesfullliability,majorliability,equalliabilityandsecondaryliability.Thepublicsecurityorgansgothroughtheprocessesofreviewingmaterials,establishingtheliabilityandmakingreportsforexaminationandapprovalbeforeestablishingtheliabilityfortrafficaccidents.Ifthepartyconsiderstheestablishmentoftheliabilityforthetrafficaccidentisimproper,hemay,within15daysfromthedateofreceivingacopyofthewrittenestablishmentofliability,submitawrittenapplicationtohigherpublicsecurityauthorityforre-establishment.Thehigherpublicsecurityauthorityshall,withinonemonthfromthedateofreceivingtheapplication,makeadecisionforaffirmance,reversalorwithdrawal.Parttwo,theimportanceofestablishingtheliabilityindealingwithtraffic8accidents.AccordingtoMethodsforRoadTrafficAccidents,thedutiesofpublicsecurityorgansindealingwithtrafficaccidentsareasfollows:handlingthescenewheretrafficaccidentstakeplace,establishingtheliabilityfortrafficaccidents,imposingpunishmentagainstpersonswhocausedthetrafficaccidentandmediatingtheremediesfordamages.Hereinhandlingthescenewherethetrafficaccidentstakeplaceisthepremiseandthebasis.Theestablishmentoftheliabilityforthetrafficaccidentisthekeytodealingwithtrafficaccidents.Howtopunishoffendersandinwhatdegreeoffendershavetoassumetheresponsibilityforremedieswholedependonwhetheroffendersshouldassumetheliabilityandthedegreeoftheliability.Itcanbeconcludedthattheworkingqualityofdealingwithtrafficaccidentsdependsonthecorrectnessofestablishingtheliabilityfortrafficaccidents.Partthree,problemsconcerningtheestablishmentoftheliabilityfortrafficaccidents.Althoughthepartyinvolvedinthetrafficaccidentwhohasobjectionstotheestablishmentoftheliabilitymayapplytothehigherpublicsecurityauthorityforre-establishment,theinternalsupervisionseemstobeweakanduselessinpractice.AccordingtoRegulationsontheProcedureofHandlingRoadTrafficAccidents,there-establishmentoftheliabilityforthetrafficaccidentisregardedasthefinaldecision.Ifthepartyinvolvedinthetrafficaccidentwhostillhasobjectionstothere-establishmenthasnorighttoapplyforre-establishment.AccordingtoNoticeonRelevantIssueswithRespecttoHandlingRoadTrafficAccidentsjointlyissuedbytheSupremeCourtandtheMinistryofPublicSecurityinDecember1st,1992,People’sCourtswillnotheartheadministrativecasebroughtbythepartywhohasobjectionstotheestablishmentoftheliabilityfortheroadtrafficaccident.Inthiscase,thefollowingconsequenceswillbebroughtabout:thelegalrightsandinterestsofthepartyinvolvedinthetrafficaccidentcannotbeprotectedintimeduetothelackofnecessarywaytogainrelief;theorgansdealingwithtrafficaccidentscannotensuretheworkingqualityduetothelackofnecessarysupervision;inpractice,suchphenomenonasgivingreduce