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GrammarLearning1句子成分(membersofthesentence)•英语的句子由主语部分与谓语部分组成。具体地讲,主要有下列六种句子成分:•1)主语(subject)它是句子所要说明的人或事物,是一句的主体。如IstudyEnglish(我学习英语)中的I。•2)谓语动词(predicateverb)它是说明主语的动作或状态的,如IstudyEnglish中的study。•3)表语(predicative)它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的,如Iamastudent(我是一个学生)中的student;Ourclassroomisclean(我们的教室很干净)中的clean。•4)宾语(object)它是表示及物动词动作的对象的,如IstudyEnglish中的English。介词后面的名词或代词,叫做介词的宾语,如Theydon'tworkonSunday(他们星期天不工作)中的Sunday,就是介词on的宾语。•5)定语(attribute)它是限定或修饰名词或代词用的,如Helikestodrinkco1dmilk(他喜欢喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。•6)状语(adverbial)它是修饰动词、形容词、副词用的,如Heworkshard(他努力工作)中的hard。•[注]虚词在句子中一律不能作为句子成分。Stepone:ReviewingTest:1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语StepTwoTeachingaims:BriefintroductionstoEnglishsentences句子成分定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分:主语和谓语次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语StepThreeStudyagainbyleading㈠主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.(名词)(代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)(句子)找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(名词)(代词)(数词)(动名词)(不定式)(句子)(名词化的形容词)(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancingShowyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(名词)(代词)(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语(不定式)(动名词)(句子)•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.(四)表语在系动词后的部分就是表语1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Timeisprecious.4.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.5.Thatremainsapuzzle.6.Idon’tfeelatease.系动词1)状态系动词(be动词)例如:Heisateacher.(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)2)持续系动词keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand例如:Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3)表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如:Helookstired.他看起来很累。4)感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如:Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。注意:系动词不用于被动语态.5)变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后,他疯了。6)终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”,“变成”之意例如:Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。(五)定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•Doyouknownbetty’ssister?•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)定语后置:如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?(定语从句)(六)状语状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•Doyousmellsomethingburning?•Hemadehimselfknowntothem.(六)宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有:make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.同位语位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.名词代词数词从句StepFourTrainingandTestingExercises:分析句子结构1)Youareastudent.2)Hefelthappytoday.3)Whatyousaidmademehappy.4)CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5)Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.6)Helikespopmusic.7)Thesoundsoundsstrange.8)Thefoodtastesgood.9)Hegavemeabookyesterday.10)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.StepSixSummary:课堂小结句子成分定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分:主语和谓语次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语短语(phrase)具有一定意义但不构成从句或句子的一组词•短语在句子里可以单独作为一个句子成分。•a)不定式短语(infinitivephrase)如He1ikestoreadnewspapersafterlunch(他喜欢在午饭后读报)中的toreadnewspapersafterlunch。•b)动名词短语(gerundialphrase)如:•Stayingindoorsalldayisunhealthy(整天呆在家里不利于健康)中的staymgindoorsallday。•c)分词短语(participialphrase)如:•Isawmanypeoplewalkingalongthelake(我看见许多人在湖边散步)中的walkingalongthelake。•d)介词短语(prepositionalphrase)如:•Hecamebybus(他乘公共汽车来)中的bybus。从句(clause)•内含主语部分和谓语部分,表达一定的概念,但不成为一个独立句子的一组词,叫做从句。•从句在句子里可以作为一个句子成分,一般由连词、关系代词或关系副词所引导。•从句在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等句子成分•a)主语从句(subjectclause)如WhatIwanttosayisthis(我要说的是这么一点)中的whatIwanttosay。•b)表语从句(predicativeclause)如ThisiswhatIwanttosay(这是我要说的)中的whatIwanttosay。•c)宾语从句(objectclause)如IhavesaidwhatIwanttosay(我说完了我要说的话)中的whatIwanttosay。•d)定语从句(attributiveclause)如ThisisthethingIwanttosay(这就是我要说的)中的Iwanttosay。•e)状语从句(adverbialclause)如Ifyouwanttosaysomething,sayitclearly(假如你要说什么,就应说清楚)中的ifyouwanttosaysomething。句子(sentence)•内含主语部分和谓语部分,有比较完整的意义的一组词,叫做句子。•从句子结构本身来看,句子可分为:•a)简单句(simplesentence)只有一个主语部分和一个谓语部分,如:•Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.中华人民共和国于一九四九年成立。•b)并列句
本文标题:英语句子成分分析(简单)
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