高考必考语法改错之被动语态十大经典错误

被动语态错中学易掌握印象深永不忘•歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。★被动语态的构成。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1．am/is/are+done一般现在时2．has/havebeendone现在完成时3．am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4．was/weredone一般过去时5．hadbeendone过去完成时6.was/werebeingdone过去进行时.7．shall/willbedone一般将来时例8．should/wouldbedone过去将来时例9．shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时（少用）10．should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时（少用）被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而上变化。【改错】注意！1.Thebookgotwrittenbyhim.特点1通常不接bysb.，但有时接bysth.。特点2用get的地方，一般可用be代替，但用be的地方不一定能用get代替。特点3get多用于一般过去时。特点4这种结构大多是表示状态的系表结构。如：Hegotdrunk.他喝醉了。被动语态十大经典错误例析was__•“get+过去分词”的四个特点get+pp(过去分词)的用法(getdone结构)get是系动词，后接过去分词或形容词作表语，表示状语的改变，意为“被……，变得……”。它不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。getdressed/changedgetmarriedgetburnt/burnedgetdrunkgetstartedgetlostgetcaughtintheraingetdamagedgetexcitedgetkilledgetpaidgethurt•穿衣服/换衣服•结婚•烧伤,晒黑•喝醉•开始•迷路•被雨淋湿•遭到破坏•激动•丧命•得到报酬•受伤【考点】“get＋过去分词”结构。【考例】1.Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyouwon'thavetimeto_______________beforetheparty.(NMET04-28)2.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet．Ifnot,youmay______________byacar．(北京2002)3.—Howaretheteamplaying﹖—They'replayingwell,butoneofthem________．(北京2002春)4.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd，I_______________frommyfriends.(NMET2001)5.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusually________bythehour.•getchanged“换衣服”getrunover，gothurt，gotseparated，getpaidgetchangedgetrunovergothurtgotseparatedgetpaid【改错】注意！2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksareofferedtothenationasagift.•解析：alibrary是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，又因主语(library)是单数。注意：withfivethousandbooks是alibrary是定语。被动语态十大经典错误例析is__•将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题1.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager________________(encourage)toworkonlineathome.2.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_____________________(wash)eachyear.areencouragedarebeingwashedaway语法填空：3.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourcitysince2000.【改错】takeplace和happen都是不及物动词或短语，不能用于被动语态。breakout,breakin，belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto,rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie,occur等都属于不及物动词（词组）不能用于被动语态。\被动语态十大经典错误例析•不及物动词或短语Thetrafficaccidentwashappenedyesterday.I’llcomeafterthemeetingiftime____________(permit).Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.permits\\\\•我练、我练、我练练！【改错】注意！4.IYourpronunciationshouldbepaidattention.有些短语动词相当于及物动词也有被动语态。短语动词变成被动语态时，不能把后面的介词或副词漏掉。被动语态十大经典错误例析to^•短语动词变成被动语态介词、副词不能丢1.Thedoctorhasbeensent_______.(介词)2.Yourhomeworkshouldbehanded______afterclass(副词)3.Womenwerelookeddown____intheolddays.4.Hishousewasbroke__________byathieflastnight.5.Newly-bornbabiesaretakengoodcare____inhospital.forin语法填空：upon/onintoof6.Thepatientisbeingoperated____.on短语动词常见的有：catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,setfireto,takecareof,takeholdof,takenoticeof,keepaneyeon7.Goodcaremust____________babies,particularlywhiletheyareill.•betakenofbetakenof•解析：由固定短语takegoodcareof(好好照看)是可知，goodcare与take是被动关系【改错】注意！5.ShewasheardsinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.有些动词如see,hear,watch,notice,listento,let,make等，要求不带不定式符号to的不定式做宾语补足语，但变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to,原来的宾语变成主语，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。被动语态十大经典错误例析to^1.Theboywasmade____crybyhissister.语法填空：toBut:Thestrangewasletgo.【改错】注意！61.WhomwasEnglishspokeninthenextroomjustnow?WhospokeEnglishinthenextroomjustnow?(主动语态)先把who当作主语sb变为被动语态，得到下面的句子。Englishwasspokenbywhominthenextroomjustnow?疑问词要放在句首变为：WhomwasEnglishspokenbyinthenextroomjustnow?介词by可以同whom一起放在前面，也可以放在后面。被动语态十大经典错误例析by^62.Frenchisalsotaughtbyourschool.【改错】by引出动作发出者;我们学校也教法语。翻译成OurschoolalsoteachesFrench.是错误的。当动作的执行者没有必要指明或为大家所知时，通常用被动语态。Frenchisalsotaughtinourschool.in_被动语态十大经典错误例析1.Peopleshouldbestopped______cuttingmoretrees.语法填空：fromstop/prevent/keepsb/sth(from)doingsth阻止„„干某事。在主动语态中from可以省去，变成被动句sb/sthbestopped/preventedfromdoingsth.from不可省。Keepsb/sthfromdoingsth意思也是“阻止„„干（做）„„事”无论在主动语态或被动语态中，from不能省去,若省去from就变成keepsb/sthdoingsth使某人一直干某事。2.________wasthenewbridgebuilt?3.Thedoctorisknown_____usall.4.Themedicalteamismadeup___twodoctorsandtennurses.Bywhomtoof【改错】注意！5.Thejobhadbetterbeenfinishedaheadoftime.含hadbetter的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时作用相当于一个情态动词，同can,may,must等，变为被动语态时相同。类似的词组还有seemto,happento,usedto,haveto,beableto等。被动语态十大经典错误例析be___【改错】注意！7.AmathsproblemwasdiscussedwhenIenteredtheclassroom.现在进行式的被动语态形式为am/is/are+being+过去分词。过去进行式的被动语态形式为was/were+being+过去分词。被动语态十大经典错误例析being^--Haveyoumovedintoyournewhouse?--No,it____________________(paint)now.语法填空：isbeingpainted【改错】注意！8.Aninterestingstorywastoldmelastnight.tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.Sb.betoldsth.Sth.betoldtosb.被动语态十大经典错误例析to^1.Thecupwithmixturewasshowed____theclass.2.Somecountrymusicwasplayed_____us.3.Aquestionwasasked___mebyhim.toforofbring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。【改错】注意！9.Theyhavemarriedfor2years.强调状态被动语态十大经典错误例析been^10.Thisbookissoldwellhere.【改错】有些动词，如act,add,brush,burn,clean,cook,count,cut,draw,drive,keep,lock,look,open,read,sell,smell,smoke,strike,wash,wear,write等，其主动形式在一些具体场合表示被动意义。这类句子的特点是：主语往往是“物”而不是“人”。另外，后面往往带有well这一类副词或者修饰主语的形容词。selling___被动语态十大经典错误例析•主动表被动1.Thiskindofcloth______(wash)well.2.Thesoup________(taste)