高考定语从句专题复习讲义

1高考专题复习----定语从句讲义考纲解读要求：1.掌握关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词why,when,where的用法；2.掌握介词+which，介词+whom的介词选择；3.掌握非限制性定语从句：as和which的用法；4.掌握定语从句与其他从句的区别。知识目标（本课时内容）基础知识回顾：1、什么是定语？2、定语从句的功能、位置怎么样？3、什么是先行词、引导词？4、先行词与引导词的关系是什么？5、非限制性定语从句。能力目标定语从句知识在高考中的应用：1.关系代词的确定；2.关系副词的确定；3.介词+关系代词一、基础知识回顾什么是定语？指出下列句子中的定语1、Guilinisabeautifulcity.2、Chinaisadevelopingcountry.3、Thereare30womanteachersinourschool.4、HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.5、Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.在以上句中，对这些名词起到了、的作用成分叫定语。什么是定语从句1、IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.2、Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.3、Harryistheboywhosemotherisourteacher.定语从句在句中的作用相当于，用来修饰、、等。定语从句又称为形容词性从句。常放在被修饰的名词、代词、句子等（先行词）后面作。什么是先行词、引导词1.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2.引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which关系副词：when,where,why3.关系词引导定语从句，同时在意义上指代先行词在定语从句中充当某个成分，先行词在定语从句中不再出现，也不用其他词代替。1.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.2.Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.3.Harryistheboywhosemotherisourteacher.二、定语从句高考应用怎样确定关系代词和关系副词解题要点：1、先行词为人时，用who作主或宾，whom作宾语；2、先行词为物或整个句子时，用which作主或宾3、whose用作定语，可指人或物；4.只用that，不用which的情况：当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；当先行词前有theonly,thevery（正好）,thelast,all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时；当先行词为anything,nothing,something,everything,all,little,much,none,theone等指物的不定代词时；当先行词既有人又有物时当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时有两个定语从句时，一个宜用which，另一个宜用that5、只用which,不用that的情况；引导非限制性定语从句时；引导词前有介词时；一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；e.g.Heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.补充：(只能用who:当those指人时并作先行词)6、when（指时间，从句中作时间状语）7、where（指地点，从句中作地点状语）8、why（指原因，从句中作原因状语）关系代词、副词选择解题技巧1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词，并放到定语从句判断其语法成分3.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词；若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词考点一关系代词的选择1．（2011山东）Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that.2.(2011浙江)Abankistheplace______theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there3.(2012·江苏高考)Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,________urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.2A．whichB．whoC．whereD．what4.(2012·陕西高考)Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,________hassurprisedusall.A．thatB．whereC．whichD．what5.(2012·重庆高考)Salesdirectorisaposition________communicationabilityisjustasimportantassales.A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where考点二关系副词的选择1．(2012·江西高考)By16：30,________wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A．whichB．whenC．whatD．that2．(2012·浙江高考)Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.A．whyB．whenC．towhomD．onwhich3．(2012·重庆高考)Salesdirectorisaposition________communicationabilityisjustasimportantassales.A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where考点三介词+关系代词的复合结构中介词的选择解题技巧1.谓语动词的固定搭配2.先行词在从句中的成分3.在非限制性定语从句中，名词\代词+of+which\whom表示整体与部分的关系4.当先行词是物时，whose＋n.＝the＋n.＋ofwhich或ofwhich＋the＋n.练习1．(2012·四川高考)Inourclassthereare46students,________halfwearglasses.A．inwhomB．inthemC．ofwhomD．ofthem2．(2012·山东高考)Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A．themB．thatC．whichD．what3.(2012·天津高考)IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without________helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A．whoB．whoseC．whomD．which4.Samuelreceivedatrainingcourseindrawingforthreeyears，________hegotagoodopportunityforfurtherdevelopment.A．afterthatB．afterwhichC．afteritD．afterthis5.Guncontrolisasubject______Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A．ofwhichB．withwhichC．aboutwhichD．intowhich6.ThehouseIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A．initB．inC．inthatD．inwhich7.Hestudiedatalocalgrammarschoolforsixyears,________hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis课后练习1．(2013•合肥一模)Atthatmoment,Iwasjuststandingbythewindowinmyroom，________Icouldseewhatwasoccurringonthestreet.A．fromwhichB．fromwhoseC．fromthatD．fromwhere2．(2013•福建泉州质检)ThefilmJaneEyre，________Janewasastrongcharacter,wasadaptedfromthenovelofthesametitle.A．whereB．whichC．whoD．as3．(2013•哈尔滨高三模拟)Soonchildreninthecamphadmanynewfriends，________theysharedfood,storiesandprojects.A．forwhichB．withwhomC．ofwhichD．towhom4．(2013•西安第一次质检)Therewasatreeinfrontofthehouse，________ownerwasseensittingunderit,enjoyingtheshade.A．whereB．whoseC．whichD．that5．(2013•成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)Thecitywasattackedby________terribleweather________fewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.A．so;asB．so;thatC．such;thatD．such;as6．Theaccidenthappenedatabout11：30pmTuesdayattheGubacoalmineinLongchangTownship,FuquanCity________41minerswereworkingunderground.A．whenB．whatC．thatD．whose7．(2013•“江南十校”联考)TherearealotofstoriesaboutYaoMing,asuperbasketballstar，________thisisanexample.A．forwhomB．forwhichC．ofwhomD．ofwhich8．(2012•开封模拟)Ourpsychologyteacherseemsunabletoexplaineverythinginaway________makessensetous.A．inwhichB．ofwhichC．/D．that9．(2013•南通一调)IadoremyEnglishteacherbecauseheanalwayscreateanatmosphere________allthestudentsfeelrespectedandcaredfor.A．thatB．whenC．whereD．which10．(2013•三明质检)Youcanonlybesureof________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething________youmightgetinthefuture.A．that;whatB．what;/C．which;thatD．/;that11．(2013•屯溪高三模拟)Thereason________hewaslatewas________heh