读地质图和图切剖面

Lab3ReadofaGeologicalMap•Whatisageologicalmapanditsmainelements?•Idenfifyinghorizontalbeds,dippingbedsonageologicalmap•IdentifyunconformitiesonageologicalmapWhatIsAGeologicMap•AgeologicmapshowsthedistributionofgeologicmaterialsandgeologicstructuresthatarevisibleattheEarth’ssurface.•Geologicmaterialsaretherocksandsedimentsthatmakeupthelandwherewelive.Mainelementsofageologicalmap•Titleandsheetseriesnumber•Scale•Legend•Column•Section•Complier•MappersandResource•Indexmap•MaincontentReadofAGeologicalMapTitleandtheseriesnumbercolumn图例：地质图上各种地质现象的符号和标记。（1）图例要按序排列：地层→岩石→构造→其它内容；（2）地层图例：由上而下，由新到老；若横排则从左到右，由新到老；（3）岩浆岩图例：已确定时代的按由新到老排列，同时代岩类按酸性到基性顺序排列。（4）构造图例：地层线和断层应区分实测和推测。LegendAB正规地质图应附有切过图区主要地层、构造的剖面图。一般放在地质图下面，用剖面标号表示，如：A—B等剖面图比例尺与地质图一致。剖面图同一高度上注明剖面方向，剖面图上方标注重要山岭、河流、城镇等。剖面位置一般是南左北右、西左东右。剖面图例与地质图例要一致。在同幅图上可共用图例。SectionDigitalscaleAndlinescaleIndexmapMappersandresourceMaincontentProcedureforreadingageologicalmapOutsidetheframeInsidetheframe–TitleandSheetnumber–scale–legend–column–section•topography–Totalfeature–Watersytem•geology–Strataandtheirdistrabution–Horizontal,dippingandverticalstrataandtheirdistribution–Relationshipbetweendifferentstrata–SequenceofgeologicaleventsGeologicMapofLingheArea1:20000LegendUpperCretaceoussandstoneLowerCretaceousconglomerateUpperPermianshaleLowerPermianlimestoneUpperCarboniferouslimestoneMiddleCarboniferousshaleLowerCarboniferousshaleandcoallayersMiddleDevoniandolostoneContactABMa’anshanTuanbaoshanJiaocun1PingzhuangShicunBeigang1PigridgeLinghek1jianzuiPijiaDongshanpigbackhillLegend•K2_UpperCretaceous•K1_LowerCretaceous•J_Jurassic•T_Triassic•P2_UpperPermian•P1_LowerPermian•C3_UpperCarboniferous•C2_MiddleCarboniferous•C1_LowerCarboniferous•D3_UpperDevonian•D2_MiddleDevonian•D1_LowerDevonian•S_Silurian•O_OrdovicianChromatogramofStrataQuarternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousJurassicTriassicPermianCarboniferousDevonianSilurianOrdovicianCambrianSinianMesoproterozoicPaleoproterozoicArchaeanPaleyellowBrightyellowDustyyellowBrightgreenSkyblueDarkReddishpurplePalebrownGreyCoffeeFruitgreenBluishgreenSapgreenCrimsonbrownBrownredBrownredRoseHorizontalBedsin3DandMapView3DMapview1.Jurassicpebblysandstone2.Trassiccoalyshale3.ContourlinesYoungerstrataOlderstratastrataParallelorsubparallelwidernarrowerHorizontalBeds3DMapviewRuleofV’sforDippingLayersDippingBedsRULESOF‘V’sTracesofdippinglayersthatintersectunevengroundor‘topography’.Lefthandside:Mapviewoflayerinstreamvalley.Righthandside:Crosssectionviewofdippinglayer.(afterMarshakandMitralaboratorymanual.)OutcroppatternsillustratingtheruleofV’s:(a)horizontallayer,(b)layerdippingupstream,(c)verticallayer.3-DMapview(d)(e)(f)OutcroppatternsillustratingtheruleofV’s:(d)layerdippingdownstream,(e)layerandvalleywithequalinclinations,(f)layerdippingdownstreamatlessthanvalleygradient.3-DMapviewVERTICALLAYERINGINTERSECTINGTOPOGRAPHYImagebyS.ReynoldsINTERSECTIONOFPLANESWITHTOPOGRAPHY(RULEOF‘VS’AND3-POINTPROBLEMS)ImagebyS.Reynolds231NWUnconformity•Parallelunconformity•AngularunconformityAngularUnconformityonMapsandonSectionsParallelunconformityandAngularunconformityAssignment2ReadLingheGeologicalMapfor,1)Topography;2)Attitudeofstrata;3)Relationshipbetweendifferentstrata;4)Sequenceofgeologicalevents5)ThicknessofK1Page58,PracticalGuidetoStructuralGeology