必修五_unit1_Grammar--过去分词作定语、表语

Book5Unit1Grammar过去分词做定语、表语PastParticipleastheAttributePastParticipleastheAttribute1.terrifiedpeople1.peopleterrifiedof(cholera)2.reservedseats2.seatsreservedby...3.pollutedwater3.waterpollutedby…4.acrowdedroom4.aroomcrowdedwithpeople5.apleasedwinner5.awinnerpleasedwith…6.astonishedchildren6.childrenastonishedat/by…7.abrokenvase7.avasebrokenby…8.acloseddoor8.adoorclosedby…9.thetiredaudience9.theaudiencetiredof…10.atrappedanimal10.ananimaltrappedin/by…单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。Thelosttimecanneverbefoundagain.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.过去分词作定语位置后置的过去分词短语可作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开,相当于省略式的非限制性定语从句。•Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.(=whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents)注意：1)有些单个动词-ed形式习惯上往往作后置定语，表示强调。①Moneyspentismorethanmoneyearned.入不敷出。②Iamnotsatisfiedwiththejoboffered.③Youshouldfinisheditwithinthetimeallowed.④Thereareonly5minutesleft.注意：2)-ed形式修饰代词时，应置于代词之后。Heisoneofthoseinvited.3)有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。Thisisausedcar.Themethodusedisveryefficient.不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。只表完成，不表被动(vi.)-ed作定语表示被动(vt.)表示被动和完成(vt.)过去分词作定语意义1、单个的及物动词过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。e.g.ausedstamp一枚用过的邮票aninjuredfinger一个受伤的手指abrokencoin一枚破损的硬币alightedcandle一支点燃的蜡烛注意：及物动词的过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。e.g.：spokenEnglish英语口语writtenexercises书面练习少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义,不表被动。fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起来的太阳theadvanced/developedcountries发达国家adrunkenman一个醉鬼areturnedstudent一名留学生aretiredteacher一名退休教师anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯by-gonedays过去的岁月2、及物动词的过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。①HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoods!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊②Ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth．我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。③ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。④We’11gotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。untoldsufferingnewlylaideggsdeep-seteyesunfinishedworkkind-heartedpeoplecold-bloodedanimalsablue-eyedgirlshort-sightedstudentsawhite-hairedwomanathree-leggedtableafifteen-storeyedbuilding特殊的动词-ed形式作定语说不尽的痛苦刚下的鸡蛋深陷的眼睛没完成的工作热心肠的人冷血动物蓝眼睛的姑娘近视眼的学生一位白发妇女三条腿的桌子十五层的大楼现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别Theboykillingthedogisherbrother.Theboykilledbythemanisherbrother.现在分词、过去分词和不定式做定语，有何区别呢？1.Willyouattendthemeeting________onSaturday?A.heldB.beingheldC.tobeheldD.hold2.Thewoman____alessonisourteacher.A.givingB.givenC.togiveD.give区别1还没发生的动作正在发生的动作，表主动A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying①过去分词做定语：表被动，表完成。②现在分词作定语：表主动，表进行。③不定式作定语：表示将要发生的动作。TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.区别1FallingleavesFallenleaves区别21.Fallingleaves2.Fallenleaves3.Disappointingnews4.Disappointedpeople5.Excitingstories6.Excitedpeople7.Tiredpeople8.Atiringfilm1.正在飘的落叶2.已经落在地上的落叶3.令人失望的消息4.感到失望的人们5.激动人心的故事6.(感到)激动的人们7.累了的人8.(使人觉得)无聊的电影区别2changedconditionchangingconditiondevelopedcountriesdevelopingcountriestherisensuntherisingsunboiledwaterboilingwater改变了的情况变化着的情况发达国家发展中国家升起了的太阳正在升起的太阳开水正沸腾的水tobedone/beingdone/havingbeendone与done的区别•Theschooltobebuiltisintendedforthedisabledchildren.•Theschoolbeingbuiltisintendedforthedisabledchildren.•Theschoolbuiltlastyearisintendedforthedisabledchildren.•Theschool,havingbeenbuiltfortwoyears,isintendedforthedisabledchildren.(表将来)(表进行)(表连续)(表完成)位于系动词后，不表示“被动”或“完成”，而表示主语的状态或情绪，相当于形容词。1.Theyareexcited.2.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.3.Whenweheardofthis,weweredeeplymoved.过去分词作表语1.Hegot______________aboutlosingthemoney.2.Thepainterlookedso_____afterworkingforawholeday.upsettired3.Iwas___________withthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.disappointed4.Everybodywas_________________tohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar.5.Everybodyisreally_______aboutthenewOlympicstadiums.6.Hiswoundbecame_______withanewvirus.shocked/depressedexcitedinfected系动词的分类：“似乎类”：“感觉类”：“变成类”：“仍然类”：基本形式：be(am,is,are)seem,appear,lookfeel,sound,smell,tastebecome,go,get,grow,fall,turn,come,lie,prove,stand,sitremain,stay,keep•Whathesaidwas__________(encourage).•Wewere______________(encourage)atwhathesaid.•Thefootballgameisvery________(bore).•Wewere_______(bore)atthefootballgame.V-ing与V-ed作表语的区别encouragingencouragedboringboredV-ing形式表示“令人……的”V-ed形式表示“某人感到……的”同一动词的－ed形式与－ing形式作表语时的区别。•动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而动词-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。①Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.②Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremoved.•surprising,surprised;•exciting,excited;•interesting,interested;•astonishing,astonished;•encouraging,encouraged;•disappointing,disappointed;•satisfying,satisfied;•inspiring,inspired;•pleasing,pleased;•tiring,tired;•boring,bored.注意：表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?Theygotveryexcited.③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.•有些表示位置移动的不及物动词的-ed形式也可以做表语。Springisgoneandsummeriscome.Thesunisalreadyset.注意：Thelibraryisclosed.Thelibraryisclosedbytheteacher.V-ed作表语表主语的状态，被动语态表示被动的动作。“系动词+过去分词（系表结构）”和“系动词+过去分词（被动语态）”状态（系表结构）动作