英语雅思术语翻译第二讲1

幻灯片1第二章术语翻译的原则、策略和方法ChapterTwoThePrinciplesStrategies&MethodsofTT第一节科技术语(Scientific&TechnologicalTerms)第二节文化术语(CulturalTerms)第三节法律术语(LegalTerms)第四节商务术语(BusinessTerms)XISU1幻灯片2第二章术语翻译的原则、策略和方法ChapterTwoThePrinciples、Strategies&MethodsofTT第一节科技术语(Scientific&TechnologicalTerms)XISU2幻灯片3第一节科技术语的翻译原则(ThePrinciplesofTranslatingS&TTerms)NatureofTranslationTranslationisthereproductionoftheoriginalmessageinthetargetlanguage.Translationisanart.(somespecificpiecesoftranslation)(witheachpiecemanifestingitsowncharmsandstyleinthecreativehandsofthetranslator)XISU3幻灯片4NatureofTranslationTranslationisascience.(asubject)(rules,laws,principlesfortranslatorstoabideby)Translationisacraftoraskill.(aprocess)(Theprocessoftranslationhasitspeculiarity,andnoneofitsrulesandprinciplesisuniversallyapplicable.)XISU4幻灯片5FourMeaningsofTranslation1.translating:→theprocess2.atranslation：→thetranslatedtext3.translation:→theabstractconceptwhichincludesboththeprocessoftranslatingandtheproductofthatprocess;4.translatororinterpreter:→thepersonwhodoestheworkoftranslatingorinterpretingXISU5幻灯片6DefinitionofTranslation1.Translationisakindofcross-linguistic,cross-culturalandcross-socialcommunication.翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。2.Translationmeanstheconversionofanexpressionfromonelanguageintoanother.Tosayitplainly,translationisanarttoreproducetheexactideaoftheauthorbymeansofalanguagedifferentfromtheoriginal.翻译指的是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言。简单地说，它是用与原作不同的语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的一种艺术。XISU6幻灯片7DefinitionofTranslation3.“Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.”所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次在文体上。XISU7幻灯片8DefinitionofTranslation4.“Translation…servesasameansofcommunication,atransmitterofculture,atechniqueoflanguagelearning,andasourceofpersonalpleasure.”“Ithasthespecialpurposeofdemonstratingthelearner’sknowledgeofforeignlanguage.”(“ATextbookofTranslation”byPeterNewmark2001)XISU8幻灯片9GeneralPrinciplesforTranslationFaithfulness(contents---meaning)Coherence(form---style)VariousTranslationPractices,variousTranslationStandardsInvolvedDuetoDifferentTextsandPurposes.XISU9幻灯片10PrinciplesforTranslationLiteraryTranslation(文学翻译）:严复“信、达、雅”（faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance）鲁迅“凡是翻译，必须兼顾两方面，一当然是其易解，二则保存着原作的丰姿。”傅雷“神似”（SimilarityinSpirit）钱钟书“化境”（Sublimation）XISU10幻灯片11PrinciplesforTranslation18thCenturyTranslationtheoristAlexanderF.Tytler（泰特勒）1)Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.译文应该完全传达原文的思想2)Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.译文的风格和笔调应与原文的一致。3)Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.译文应像原文一样流畅XISU11幻灯片12EST(EnglishforScienceandTechnology)Inabroadsense,ESTcoversanythingrelatedtoscienceandtechnology,bothinwrittenandspokenforms.1)科技著述、科技论文和报告、实验报告和方案;2)各类科技情报和文字资料;3)科技实用手册(OperationManual,包括仪器、仪表、机械、工具等等)的结构描述和操作规程;4)有关科技问题的会谈、会议、交谈的用语;5)有关科技的影片、录像等有声资料的解说词,等等。XISU12幻灯片13PrinciplesforEST∵Science---precision&theabsenceofambiguity∴Thelanguageofscience---precise&unambiguousCoherence,Clarity&Fluency(连贯、明晰、畅达)Translatedversions:objective,accurate&well-knitXISU13幻灯片14PrinciplesforESTTranslationStandardsforTranslationofEST:clarity,coherence&conciseness科技英语翻译标准:明确、通顺、简练。(准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰)XISU14幻灯片15科技术语构词特点TheFormationofScientificandTechnologicalTerms一、PropernounsforacertainmajoronlyHertz赫兹Volt伏特hydroxide氢氧化物anode阳极annealing退火isotope同位素Alfonol16(一种铁铝合金,其中铝合金含量为16%)Unipizeo(美国制造的铁氧体软磁材料)XISU15幻灯片16科技术语构词特点TheFormationofScientificandTechnologicalTerms二.Theborrowingofdailywords1.operation操作运算(ComputerScience)手术(Medicine)作战(Military)2.ceiling天花板、顶板绝对升限/最大飞行高度(aeronautics航空学)云幕高度(meteorology气象学)峰值电压(electricity电学)XISU16幻灯片17Theborrowingofdailywords3.transmission传递/传达(dailyusage)发射/播送(aterminradioengineering)传动(inmechanicalengineering)透射(inphysics)遗传(inmedicalscience)XISU17幻灯片18Theborrowingofdailywords4.derivative派生物(dailyusage)衍生物(inchemistry)导数/微商(inmathematics)金融衍生工具(inbusinessactivity)5.loop环/圈回路(inradioengineering)节育环(medicalscience)循环(inmetrology)XISU18幻灯片19Theborrowingofdailywords6.Concentration（浓度；集中；专心）A)Electrodepotentialdependsontheconcentrationoftheions.B)Thedeterminationoftraceconcentrationsofmercuryinmineralsisdescribed.C)Aconcentrationprocessisimportantnowthatthedepletionofhighgradeoresispossibility.XISU19幻灯片20TheborrowingofdailywordsA)Electrodepotentialdependsontheconcentrationoftheions.电极电位决定于离子浓度。(chemistry)B)Thedeterminationoftraceconcentrationsofmercuryinmineralsisdescribed.文章论述矿物中痕量汞的测定。(measurementinphysics)C)Aconcentrationprocessisimportantnowthatthedepletionofhighgradeoresispossibility.由于目前高品位的矿石可能用完,富集过程是重要的。(metallurgy)XISU20幻灯片21BorrowingAlfvenwave（阿尔文波）－HannesAlfvenChandler’swobble(钱德拉波动说）－SethCarloChandlerKuru（库鲁癫痫症）-KurnHighlands（库鲁高地）Mace（迈斯神经镇静剂）---Tomace（v)(abrandname)Toxerox,xeroxer-Xerox(静电复制）(abrandname)Ohm(欧姆）amp（安培）diesel（内燃机）hamburgercardigan(开襟羊毛衫）XISU21幻灯片22Borrowing英语具有“开