并列句中的省略现象

并列句中的省略现象EllipsisinCompoundSentences第38讲•Animportantgrammarfigure•Avoidingtherepeatingwords•Highlightingthekeywords•MakingthecontextconnecttoeachothercloselyEllipsisEllipsis一并列结构中的省略现象Ellipsisinthestructureofcoordination二名词词组中的省略现象Ellipsisinthenoungroup三.介词词组中的省略现象Ellipsisintheprepositionalphrase1.共同主语subject的省略ellipsis•Peterateacheesesandwichand(Peter)drankaglassofbeer.•Marywashedthedishes,(Mary)driedthem,and(Mary)puttheminthecupboard.Ellipsisinthestructureofcoordination2.主语相同，主动词mainverb也相同，可省略主语和主动词•HissuggestionsmadeJohnhappy,but(hissuggestionsmade)Maryangry.•Shewillworktoday,and(she)may(work)tomorrow.3.主语相同，操作词与主动词及其补足成分也相同，状语adverbial不同，在省略相同成分时须保留操作词•Johnwillmeetmyfamilytonightand(John)will(meetmyfamily)againtomorrow.4.主语不同,谓语动词的操作词Manipulationwords相同，可省略后一个操作词•JohnmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.•JohnshouldcleantheshedandPeter(should)mowthelawn.5.主语不同，主动词及其补足成分complements相同，省略主动词及其补足成分•GeorgewilltakethecourseandBobmight(takethecourse)too.•Johnwasthewinnerin1989,andBob(wasthewinner)in1990.•【or】也可省略前一分句中的主动词及其补足成分•Georgewill(takethecourse),andBobmight,takethecourse.6.主语和谓语动词都不同，宾语或主语补语相同，省略第一分句中的宾语或主语补语•Johnlikes(Mary),andPeterhates,Mary.•Georgewas(angry),andBobcertainlyseemed,angry.•【or】Georgewasangry,andBobcertainlyseemedso.•Thatmanhasagunandhasthreatenedtouseit.•Marydidherhomeworklastnight,butshedidnotfinishit.7.并列句compoundsentence中的be,have,do,若在一个分句中用作助动词AuxiliaryVerb，而在另一分句作主动词，这种词形相同而词性partsofspeech不同的通常不可省略•Marywasterrifiedandwasclutchingmyhand.8.助动词auxiliary在一个分句中构成被动语态passivevoice，而在另一分句中却是构成进行体progressiveaspect，这种不同功能的助动词be通常也不可省略二.Ellipsisinthenoungroup名词词组中的省略现象•1.Thenoungroupconsistof“determiner+premodifier+noun,ifheadarethesame,oneofthenoungroupheadcanbeellipsis.Ex.Sheworethereddress,butthebluesuitsherbetter.•2.Theheadoftwocoordinatingnoungrouparethesame,butpremodifieraredifferent,itmaybeellipsistheformernounhead.Ex.Old(men)andyoungmenwereinvited.Revolutionmeansamoral(change)aswellasamaterialchange.•3.但是，在下列名词词组中，按照一般理解，并不存在省略中心词centreword的问题。Ex.Honestandcleverstudentsalwayssucceed.Iliketeachingastudiousorhard-workingundergraduate.•4.如果两个并列词词组的中心词相同，而后置定语postpositiveattributive不同，也可通过省略而形成两个后置修饰语modifier共一个中心词的现象。Ex.HewasworkersfromIrelandand(workers)fromFranceinhisfactory.Ambitionisthemotherofdestructionaswellas(themother)ofevil.•5.Ellipsisheadofthenoungroupnotjustinthecoordinatingrelation,otherrelationalsocanellipsishead.Thismainlyinindependence.Ex.Athermother’sshepassedmanyahappyday.Theseasonisnowatitsloveliest.Ellipsisintheprepositionalphrase•三.介词词组中的省略现象•1.Iftherearetwoormoreparallelprepositionalphrases,andtheprepositionsisdifferent,andthenoungroupisthesameasprepositionssupplementingredients,weusuallyreservetheprepositionsandsupplementingredientsofthelastprepositionalphrase,andomittheother.•Ex.Bobisboredwith(music),butPeterisinterestedin,music.Adviceislikesnow:Thesofteritfalls,thelongeritdwellsupon(themind),andthedeeperitsinksintothemind.•ShallIwritemynameon(theline),above(theline)orbelowtheline?•Agovernmentofandbyandfortheexploitingclasscannotpossiblysurvive.2.Iftheprepositionsandsupplementingredientsareallthesame,weusuallyomitthefirstprepositionanditssupplementingredients.•Ex.Ihaveheard(about…)andreadaboutyouradventures.