写作教程第二版(邹申)-unit-7

ByPizza.CUnit7SocialProblemsByPizza.CUnitObjectivesDefinitionofcause&effectFunctionofcause&effectFeaturesofcause&effectOrganizationofcause&effectHowtochooserightexamplesTransitionalphrasesByPizza.CWarm-upActivities---collegestudents’takingpart-timejobsReasons1.shortofpocketmoney2.relievefinancialburdens3.offerhelptosomefellowstudentswhoareinfinancialdifficulties4.prepareforjobsinthefutureResults1.havetospendpreciousstudytimeinfindingordoingpart-timejobs2.loseinterestinginlearning3.maydogoodtoacademicstudies4.gainexperienceorknowledgethatcannotbeobtainedfrombooksByPizza.CDefinitionofcause&effectSoundreasoningorlogicisnaturallythemostimportantqualityofanyanalysis.Inpresentingcauseandeffect,weshouldtrytobeobjective.Overstatingorunderstatingourpositionwouldonlymaketheanalysisunconvincing.Itseemsconvenienttostatetheeffectfirstandthenexplainthecauses.Thereverseorder,however,istobepreferredwhenonecauseleadstovariouseffects.1.Tostateaneffectanddevotetherestoftheparagraphtoexaminingthecauses.2.Tostateacauseandthenmentionorpredicttheeffect.ByPizza.CFunctionofcause&effect1.Causeandeffectservesasausefulmeanstodescribeoranalyzephenomena,problems,influences,etc.2.Weoftenfindourselvesinsituationswhereweneedtodiscusscausesoreffectsinordertobetterunderstandwhatisbeingdiscussed:places,people,features,advantagesordisadvantages.3.Howtoexpresscause-and-effectrelationshipseffectivelyiscrucialtomeaningfulcommunication.ByPizza.CEffectCause1Cause2CauseEffect1Effect3Effect2Featuresofcause&effectByPizza.CFillouttheformswiththeappropriateandrelevantinformationLikeEnglishinhighschoolbeeasytofindajobaftergraduationhaveanunclewhooncemajoredinEnglishbegoodatlanguagelearninglessincomeemployersdonotlikeitsaveenergymorefreetimeByPizza.CStudythefollowingwordsandphrasesanddividethemintothefollowing2groups.nowthat,thereasonfor,thanksto,becausesince,as,dueto,becauseof,owingtoconsequently,therefore,so,asaresult,thusitfollowsthat,accordingly,hence,sothatByPizza.CSample1-P67•Questions•1.Thisparagraphisdevelopedaroundtheproblemof“thelackofparking”complainedaboutbyUScityresidents.•2.Singleeffectandmultiplecauses.Inthisway,thewritingshowsalogicalcause-and-effectpattern,whichmightconsequentlyattractmoreconcernoreffortsintheproblem’ssolution.•3.The3causesarepresentedfromthemostdirecttothemostindirect.ByPizza.C•1.______________________________•2.Morecarsareconstantlyproduced.•3.______________________________CausesEffectLackofparkingincitiesOveramillioncarsareabandonedonthestreets.BothcitygovernmentsorgovernmentalagencieshavefinancialheadachesSuperficial/directDeepest/indirectByPizza.CSample2P68•Questions•1.Theproblemaddressesreferstotheissueofterroristattacks.Thisissuehasbroughtaboutatleastthreemajoraspectsofconsequenceoreffect.•2.Theparagraphaddressesthecauseratherthaneffectsrightatthebeginning.•3.No.Itfollowsapatternofsinglecauseandmultipleeffects.UnlikeSample1inwhicheffectisaddressedfirstandcausesaretracedbackwards,Sample2statesbrieflyatthebeginningtheissueofterroristattacksasadirectcause,andthendwellsuponthreemajoreffects,somefactualandsomepredicted.ByPizza.CCauseEffectsTheterroriststrikes1.TheAmericansfeelveryanxiousandpanicky.2.Thegovernmenttrendstomakepoliticalerrors.3.Thepublicwouldwindupignoringtheonewarningthatreallymatters.ByPizza.CLackofregulationTiger’spower/beauty/mysteryCauseEffectsEffect-causeDisastershappeningtochildrenTigersprivatelykeptaspetsinTexasLotsofundertrainedtigerownersNeglectofcommitmentabandonmentByPizza.CLinkingphrasesforcause/effectJustas…is…Theresultisthat……ispreciselywhy……maybeamongotherreasonsTransitionalphrasesCause/ReasonEffect/Impact…maybeamongotherreasonsThanksto…Account/findsomereasonforAttributeAtoBBeduetoseveralfactorsBepartlycausedby…Bepreciselywhy…Why…?Foronething…Tostemfromthefactthat…Toview…asaresponseto……factorsweighheavilyfor…Anotherimportantreasonis……isthenetresultItleavessomeseriousconsequences.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.Theeffectisevident.Theimmediateresultitproducesis…Theinfluencehasnotbeenconfinedto…Theresultisthat…Thereareanumberofeffects.bringabout…causeasweepingchangeexertaprofoundinfluenceThat’sthereasonwhy…Resultin…ByPizza.CKeysByPizza.C