(全)常见倒装现象

-1-常见倒装现象归纳(一)倒装句简介1.倒装的定义：英语句子中有时把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面,这种语序叫倒装。2.倒装的原因：1)语法结构的需要：如therebe句型，疑问句等。e.g.Doyougetupearlyeveryday?Thereare5000studentsinthisschool.2)为了强调某一个词或成分：e.g.NeverhaveIseensuchanexcitingfilm.Standingoutsidetheclassroomisourheadmaster,MrWhite.3)为了使上下文紧密衔接：e.g.Theyarrivedatanoldhouse,infrontofwhichsatayoungboy.I’vefinishedtellingmystory.Nowcomesyourturn.3.倒装句出现的场合：1)简单句中e.g.Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkoutthisproblem.2)并列句中e.g.TomhasgonetoAmericaandneverwillhecomeback.3)复合句中e.g.Hetoldusthatnowhereelsecouldweeatsuchdeliciousbeef.Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.4.倒装的类型：1)完全倒装：把句子的谓语全部提到主语前面。2)部分倒装：把句子谓语的一部分(如助动词，系动词，情态动词)提到主语前面。(二)完全倒装1.Therebe句型属于完全倒装：(1)There+系动词be+主语e.g.TherewerealotofpeopleintheparklastSunday.Thereisabook,2pencilsand4lettersonthedesk.(2)There+系动词seem/remain+主语e.g.Thereseems(tobe)nopointinwaitingforhim.Thereremainsalotofdoubtaboutit.(3)There+vi.(live，stand，lie，exist，happen，appear，etc.)+主语e.g.Therelivedanoldmaninthisoldhouse3yearsago.Thereexistsomeseriousproblemsinoursociety.Thereappearedaredsunabovethemountain.2.表示地点方向的副词放在句首时，主谓完全倒装：(1)句型：地点方向副词+vi.(come，go，rush，fly，run，fall，etc.)+主语e.g.Outrushedthechildrenassoonasthebellrang.Awayflewthelittlebird.-2-Look!Herecomesthebus.ThedooropenedandincameMrSmith.(2)如果主语是人称代词，那么主谓不倒装。e.g.Hereyouare.Downstairsheran.(3)注意：这种倒装句只能使用一般现在时或一般过去时，不能用其他时态。3.有些时间副词(now，then，often，etc.)在句首时,有时也用倒装语序。e.g.Theyallfailed.Nowcomesyourchance.Myuncledranksomecoldwater.Thencameasmellofsulphur.4.表示地点方位的介词短语在句首时,主谓常倒装。句型：介词短语+vi.(lie，come，run，sit，stand，appear，etc.)+主语e.g.Infrontofmyhousestandsabigtree.Fromthedistancecameacryforhelp.(Tothe)Southofthevillageliesabeautifullake.5.为了强调或保持平衡,有时把表语(adj./adv./prep.短语/非谓语动词)提到句首,主语和系动词要倒装。（表语+be主语）e.g.Presentatthemeetingarestudentswhoareveryinterestedinmusicbutnotgoodatit.Hereisaletterforyou.EastofKoreaisJapan.AmongthespeakerswasChina’sthenPremierZhuRongji.Waitingoutsideisacustomerwhowantstoseethemanager.Caughtinthetrafficaccidentwere14studentsandtheirteacher.6.Such开头的句子：e.g.SuchisLily,akindanddiligentgirl.Suchwereouropinionsabouttheproblem.SuchistheinfluenceofTVthatitcanmakeapersonfamousovernight.7.祝愿句：Longlive…!(…万岁!)e.g.Longlivepeace!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!(三)部分倒装1.so开头的句子,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物时。1)常用句型：副词So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语e.g.Heisgoodatmaths.SoamI.IlikeEnglish.Sodoesmysister.IhavebeentoFrance.Sohasshe.Tomcanswim.SocanJack.2)如果副词so开头的句子只是重复或赞同前面的内容，则不需要倒装。e.g.○1---Itisveryhottoday.---Soitis.○2---Yoursonstudieshard.---Sohedoes.3)连词as也可以表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物e.g.Oureatinghabitshavechanged,ashasourwayoflife.Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary,asisthewillingnesstoact.2.Neither/Nor开头的句子,表示前面所说的否定情况也适用于另一人或物时。-3-常用句型：Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语e.g.Wehaveneverbeenabroad.Neither/NorhasLiPing.Heisnotgoodatmusic,andneitheramI.※如果前面提到两件事情，且谓语动词类型不同，或者一肯一否时，不能单独用so或neither/nor，需要使用句型Itisthesamewith…/Soitiswith…。e.g.Helikesswimmingandisgoodatskating.Soitiswithme.Tomlikesmathsbutdoesn’tlikemusic.Itisthesamewithhissister.3.否定含义的副词或介词短语在句首时。1)副词never,hardly,seldom,little,rarely,scarcely，nowhere等在句首时。e.g.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchabigmonkey.Littledoesshecareaboutothers.Nowhereelseintheworldcanyouenjoysuchbeautifulscenery.2)notonce,notoften,notever,notasingle等在句首时。e.g.NotoncehasmybrotherbeentoBeijing.Notasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam.3)有些否定含义的介词短语,相当于never,如果放在句首,主谓要倒装。常见的有：innoway/case,bynomeans,atnotime,onnoaccount/condition,undernocircumstances,etc.e.g.BynomeanscanyoulendTomanymoney.Atnotimewillhecometohelpus.4.有些否定含义的连词在句首时,主谓要倒装。常见的有：nor,notonly…butalso…,notuntil…,hardly…when…,nosooner…than…e.g.1)Withoutinternationalcooperation,developingcountriescan’tprosper,norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.2)NotonlyishegoodatEnglish,butalsohespeaksFrenchfluently.3)Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.4)Hardly/NosoonerhadTomarrivedwhen/thanhisuncletelephonedhim.(此句型中主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时)5.Only修饰副词,介词短语,状语从句在句首时。e.g.1)Onlylater/thendidtheworldrecognizehisgreatness.2)Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.3)Onlyifyoufollowmyadvicewillyoubeabletocompletetheproject.※注：Only修饰主语时，主谓不倒装。e.g.Onlyfivestudentshavefinishedthehomeworkontime.6.在so/such…that…引导的结果状语从句中,若把so/such…部分提到句首,则主句要倒装。e.g.Soshallowisthelakethatnofishcanliveinit.SuchagoodstudentisLiPingthatheisoftenpraisedbytheteachers.Somanymistakesdidhemakethathefailedtheexam.7.if引导的虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时,可以省去if,再把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句。e.g.WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug.Hadyoutold(=Ifyouhadtold)himaboutthedanger,hewouldn’thavebeenhurt.Werehetofail(=Ifheweretofail)theexamtomorrow,hewouldtryagain.-4-Shouldafirebreakout(=Ifafireshouldbreakout),pleasesoundthealarm.注：如果if条件句是否定句，倒装时不能将not提前。e.g.Hadyounot(=Ifyouhadnot)lentBobanymoney,nothingwouldhavehappened.Wereitnotfortherain(=Ifitwerenotfortherain),thecropswoulddie.8.祝愿句：May+主语+动词原形e.g.Mayyousucceed!(=Wishyousuccess!)Maythepooroldmanlivehappily!(四)异常语序：有些句型中，要把某个成分提到句首，但主谓并不倒装。1.as引导的让步状语从句：1)as从句中谓语为系表结构时，要把作表语的形容词或名词提到as前(若表语是单数可数名词，须省略a/an)。e.g.Youngasheis，hehasagoodknowledg