lesson10 General George Armstrong Custer讲解剖析

LessonTenGeneralGeorgeArmstrongCuster乔治·阿姆斯壮·卡斯特将军PalphK.Andrist拉尔夫·K·安德雷斯特Newwordsvehemence,(n.)Exceptionallygreatconcentration,power,orforce:intensity,vigor,cuteness,energy,forcefulness,strengthgallant,unflinchinginbattleoraction;valiantpeerless,(adj.)Beingofthebestquality:excellent,first-rate,first-class,exceptional,unmatched,matchlessbraggart,(n.)Onegiventoloud,emptyboasting;abraggerblunder,(v.)Tomakeastupid,usuallyseriouserrorin;botchprudence,prudencediscretionforesightforethoughtcircumspectionUnderlinethekeywords1ItisdifficulttofindastartingplacefordescribingCuster.Thosewhohavealreadyformedopinionsaboutthemanhavedonesowithsuchvehemencethatitishardtobelievethatthetwosidesaretalkingaboutthesameperson.Toonegroup,heremainsthebraveandgallantsoldierandpeerlessIndianfighterwhodiedheroicallyandgloriouslybattlingagainsthopelessodds;totheotherhewasabig-mouthedbraggartandincompetentwhoblunderedawaythelivesofmorethantwohundredmenbyrushingjoyfullyintoadeadlysituationwithouttakingthesimplestprecautionsdemandedbymilitaryprudence.Ononepointallagree:Custerwasamanofsupremephysicalcouragewhoapparentlydidnotknowwhatitwastofeelfear.Beyondthat,thereisagreementonverylittle.AnalysisofthetextA.theproblem:tojudgeCuster'squalities1.Differentopinions2.Agreement:acourageousmanwithoutfear译文１要形容卡斯特将军，简直无从下手。人们对他的评价,有天壤之别,使人难以相信,他们所谈的竟会是同一个人。一种人认为,他是一位勇敢英武的斗士,一个在寡不敌众时,仍能英勇作战，光荣牺牲的抗击印地安人的猛士。另一种人认为,他是大言不惭的牛皮大王、草包司令，连作战所应具备的起码的审慎态度也没有，以致于莽撞地冲进死地，白白送掉了二百多条性命。但在一点上所有的人都同意，卡斯特是一个勇猛过人的人，根本不知道什么是害怕。除此之外，人们众说纷芸，莫衷一是。NewwordsWestPoint,theUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy,西点军校demerit,n.stigma,brand,(bad)mark,blot,smirch,stain,spot,taint,blemish,blotontheescutcheon,(Br.)blotinone'scopybook;短处;记过;缺点;meritanddemerit功过;givesb.ademerit给某人记过处分prank,n.trick,(practical)joke,frolic,escapade,antic,caper,stunt,lark,jest,jape,monkeytricksoresp.(Am.)monkeyshines,mischief:Thoseschoolboypranksweoncethoughthilariousnowseemquitesilly.开玩笑;戏谑escapade,开玩笑;冒险;丑行n.prank,monkeytricksoresp.(Am.)monkeyshines,mischief;adventure,exploit;notoriety,notoriousness,disrepute,dishonour,disgrace,infamy,shame,discredit,scandal,stain,blot,obloquy,ignominy,opprobrium:Thenotorietyattendinghislatestescapadesdispleasedtheprimeminister.slovenly,懒散的;马虎的adj.careless,irresponsible,thoughtless,unconsidered,promiscuous,indiscriminate,undiscriminating,unselective,non-selective,non-discriminatory,unconscientious,heedless,haphazard,indifferent,uncaring,uncritical,unfussy,unfastidious,disregardful,neglectful,negligent,slipshod,cursory,perfunctory,unthinkingsnap,v.Tocausetomoveabruptlyandsmartlytaut,adj.tight,tense,strained,stretched,rigid,stiff:WhenhisjawgoestautlikethatIknowhe'sangry.commission,任务n.work,task,function,duty,assignment,charge,responsibility,chore,commission,undertaking,stintUnderlinethekeywords2CustergraduatedatthebottomofhisclassatWestPoint,inlargepartfordemeritsreceivedforwhathisadmirersliketodescribeasboyishpranksandescapade,althoughagoodpartofhisbadrecordwastheresultofslovenlyhabits.Thislastwashighlyironicbecausenoofficerwoulddemandmorelaterfromhismeninthewayofsnapandpolishandtautdisciplinethanhe.HereceivedhiscommissionjustintimetogetintotheFirstBattleofBullRun.AnalysisofthetextA.theproblem:tojudgeCuster'squalities1.Differentopinions2.Agreement:acourageousmanwithoutfearB.Personalcharacteristics(paragraphs2-5)1.Earlylife译文２卡斯特从西点军校毕业，成绩在班上最差。他的崇拜者把他记过的原因说成是“孩子似的淘气和胡闹（恶作剧）。”尽管实际上他的不良记录主要是拉沓散漫。最具讽刺意味的是（最叫人啼笑皆非的是），这个拉沓鬼，在他后来他当军官时，竟然比哪个军官都严格，要求他的士兵迅速高效，干净利落（雷励风行，整齐划一）地执行任务。他一毕业接受任务，正赶上南北战争的第一场战斗—牛溪战役。Newwordsdash,vigor,zealvivaciousness,n.passion,passions,ardour,ardency,eagerness,intensity,fervour,fervency,fervidness,zeal,zealousness,avidity,avidness,zest,zestfulness,vivacity,gusto,verve,emotion,feeling,animation,spirit,spiritedness,vigour,enthusiasm,eagerness;zealotry,fanaticism,feverishnesssuperior,n.leader,chief,head,commander,ruler,director,chairman,chairwoman,chairlady,chairperson,chieftain,captain,commandant,principal,(colloq.)boss,bossman,kingpin,bigcheese,numberone,numerouno,(Br.)gaffer,(Am.)MrBig,(sl.)(Am.)themanUnderlinethekeywords3Hehadadashabouthimandavivaciousness,tosaynothingofhiscourage,whichcouldnothelpbutattracttheattentionofhissuperiors,andhereceivedchoiceassignmentsforsuchaveryyoungofficer.Hehadasuperbconfidencethatfortunewasalwaysworkingforhim:Custer'sluck,hecalledthiscontinualsmileofthegods,andforanumberofyearsitappearedthathewasrightandthatitactuallyexisted.Asitturnedout,Custer'sluckwasnotaninexhaustiblecommodity.AnalysisofthetextA.theproblem:tojudgeCuster'squalities1.Differentopinions2.Agreement:acourageousmanwithoutfearB.Personalcharacteristics(paragraphs2-5)1.Earlylife2.Easysuccess译文３他热情活泼，更不要说他的勇气了。正是他的勇气引起了他的上级的注意。作为一个年轻军官，就被委以重任。他总是为他自己有好运而信心百倍。命运之神总是倾睐于他。他把神灵总是对他垂青，叫做“卡斯特运气。”多少年来，他好象是对的。这种好运看来确实是存在的，而结果却是“卡斯特运气”也并不是取之不尽，用之不竭的商品。注意“正是”如果第二句译成“他的勇气除了引起上级注意没有其它用途”则中文译文语意不连贯。Newwordshazy,模糊adj.woolly,fuzzy,unclear,obscure(d),foggy,indistinct,confused,vague,cloudy,clouded,nebulous,ill-definedlieutenant,brigadiergeneral,brevet,荣誉晋升;Acommissionpromotingamilitaryo