高一英语 Unit 2 Grammar课件 重庆大学版必修3

重庆大学版高一(3)Unit2Unit2ParentsandChildrenGrammar动名词的功能1.IjustfeellearningEnglishistoodifficultforme.2.LearningEnglishmeansspeakingandusingEnglishasmuchasyoucan.3.Iamveryafraidofmakingmistakesinusingit.4.Whatyoucandothenistokeeppractisingit.Lookatthesentences,payingattentiontothecoloredwords.Thecoloredwordsareallv-ing.Whatthefunctionarethey?The“-ing”Participle(Ⅱ)一、动名词的构成和性质动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，是一种非谓语动词形式。其构成法与现在分词一样。动名词既有动词性质，又有名词性质。1）动名词的动词性质表现在：可有宾语和状语从而构成动名词短语。e.g.Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.2）动名词的名词性质表现在：在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语。e.g.Travellingabroadcanbeveryexciting.[观察]观察下列句子中动词-ing形式的用法，然后加以总结。1.Playingwithfireisverydangerous.2.Seeingisbelieving.★动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作，通常放在_______。句首3.Itisveryimportantrememberingothers’names.4.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.★动词-ing形式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用it作形式主语，而动词-ing形式则放在_______作真正的主语。如第3、4句。句中5.Thereisnogoodwalkingintherain.★在thereisno结构中，通常用动词-ing形式作主语。[观察]观察下列句子中动词-ing形式的用法，然后加以总结。1.Theydon’tallowfishinginthelake.2.Mymotheradvisedaskingadoctortocomeandexaminehereyes.★有些动词后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式作宾语。如allow和advise。有此用法的动词还有：admit,appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,finish,forbid,imagine,keep,mind,mention,permit,practice,quit,risk,suggest等。3.Lilyrememberedgivingyouthedictionarylastafternoon.动名词★有些动词后既可跟________，也可跟动词不定式作宾语，但用法和意义都有所不同。这些动词是：remember,forget,stop,regret,try,mean等。★动词-ing形式用在动词need,want,require等后，用动词-ing形式的______形式或者用不定式的被动式表示被动意义。如此句也可用Theproblemneedstobethoughtcarefully表示。4.Theproblemneedsthinkingcarefully.主动5.Iamproudofhavingwonsomanygoldmedals.6.Shewentawaywithoutsayinggoodbye.7.Myfatherhasbeenusedtogoingtobedlateandgettingupveryearly.8.Hehassomedifficultyinfindingherhouse.★动词-ing形式作_______宾语。动词要特别注意：be/getusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteto等中的to都是介词而不是动词不定式符号。8.Hehassomedifficultyinfindingherhouse.9.Heisbusypreparingforameetingthisafternoon.★bebusydoingsth.,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.,beworthdoingsth.,spendsometime/money(in)doingsth.,haveahardtime(in)doingsth.都是惯用句型，其中的动词-ing形式不能换成不定式。10.Doyoumindmy/me/Sally/Sally’sleavingnow？★如果要明确表示出动词-ing形式的逻辑主语，要在其前加上物主代词或名词所有格。注：动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not或never；完成式为“having+过去分词”；一般式的被动式为“being+过去分词”；完成式的被动式为“havingbeen+过去分词”。用作表语，表示一般性、经常性的动作。如：Themainthingisgettingthereintime.Hismainloveissinging.动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，二者不可混淆。试比较：Herjobwaswashingclothes.她的工作是洗衣服。（动名词作表语）Shewaswashingclothes.她在洗衣服。（现在分词与was构成过去进行时，用作谓语。）用作定语。动名词作定语说明其所修饰名词的用途。而现在分词作定语，则表示其所修饰名词正在进行的动作。如：Hemaybeinthereadingroom.Everybodywasathisfightingpost.Thereisaswimmingpoolatthebackofthegarden.(aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming动名词swimming作定语表示名词的用途)llikethatdancinggirl.(adancinggirl=agirlwhoisdancing现在分词dancing作定语表示名词正在进行的动作)有一些复合动名词也可用作定语。如：peace-keepingtroops维和部队练－练1.Readeachofthefollowingsentencescarefullyanddecidewhetherthereisamistakeornot.Ifyes,markandcorrectit.1).Itisuselesstocryoverspiltmilk.2).Shedidn’tmindleavingaloneathome.3).Doyoumindmemakingasuggestion?4).Iapologizeforhavingnotkeptmypromise.5).Yoursuitneedsironing.6).Jimforgotmailingtheletterforme.cryingbeingleftnothavingtomail2.Underlinethe“-ing”participleineachofthefollowingsentencesandstateitsgrammaticalfunction.1)Excusemyopeningyourletterbymistake.2)Talkingmendsnoholes.3)Seeingisbelieving.4)Itisawasteoftimediscussingsuchmatters.5)Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.6)Sheleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous.宾语主语主语表语主语宾语宾语1.Ican’tstand___withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses__talkingwhilesheworks.[北京高考题]A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2.Theysetupan___tableinasmalltemple.A.operatedB.tooperateC.operateD.operating3.___isadifficulthabittobreak.A.SmokeB.SmokedC.SmokingD.Tosmoke4.Wearealllookingforwardto__yourcountry.A.visitingB.visitC.bevisitingD.beingvisiting5.It’snouse___alotofbookswithoutreadingthem.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought6.Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered___attheparty,butnot___.A.toarrive;leavingB.toarrive;toleaveC.arriving;leavingD.arriving;toleave7.Ihadgreatdifficulty_____thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.（上海2010）A.findB.foundC.tofindD.finding8.Billsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.（上海2009）A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold9.Istillremember_____totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.（陕西2009）A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken