高级英语Mark Twain ― Mirror of America

Lesson6MarkTwain—MirrorofAmerica(Excerpts)ByNoelGrove本单元作者：颜静兰Book1外语教学与研究出版社FOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSContentsPartOne:Warm-upPartTwo:BackgroundInformationPartThree:TextAppreciationPartFour:LanguageStudyPartFive:ExtensionPartOne—Warm-upⅠ.VideoWatchingⅡ.BrainstormingⅢ.DiscussionⅣ.LearningObjectivesⅠ.VideoWatchingWatchthevideoclipanddescribeit.AboutMarkTwainⅡ.BrainstormingMakesomepredictionsaboutthetexttobelearned.“MarkTwain—MirrorofAmerica”HuckFinnTomSawyerRiverpilotConfederateguerrillaProspectorTheMississippiRiverNovelistReporterⅢ.Discussion1.WhatdoyouknowaboutMarkTwain?2.HaveyoueverreadMarkTwain’snovels?3.Whichnovelimpressesyoumost?Why?4.DoyoulikethenaughtybutcleverboyTominTomSawyer?Whatattractsyoumostwhilereadingthenovel?5.WhatisMarkTwain’swritingstyle?Ⅳ.LearningObjectives1.ToknowthewritingstyleofMarkTwain.2.Tobeacquaintedwithsomerhetoricaldevices.3.Tolearntousewordsandexpressionstodescribeaperson’slifeandexperience.4.Toappreciatethelanguagefeatures.5.Tolearntowriteacommentonawriter.PartTwo—BackgroundInformationⅠ.AboutMarkTwainⅡ.TheCivilWarⅢ.TheAdventuresofTomSawyerⅣ.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnⅤ.GildedAgeⅥ.GoldRushVII.TheMysteriousStrangerVIII.TheCelebratedJumpingFrogⅠ.AboutMarkTwainMarkTwainMarkTwainwasthepennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens(1835–1910),America’smostfamoushumoristandtheauthorofpopularandoutstandingautobiographicalworks,travelbooksandnovels.Ⅰ.AboutMarkTwainThefirst36yearsofClemens’life•aboyinalittletowninMissouri,•asteamboatpilotontheMississippi,•areporteronthefarwesternfrontier•atravelerabroadAllthesesuppliedhimwithcopiousmaterialwhichheusedlaterforhisbestandmostsuccessfulwritings.Ⅰ.AboutMarkTwainⅡ.TheAmericanCivilWarTheAmericanCivilWarwasafour-yeararmedconflictbetweentheNorthandtheSouth.Ⅱ.TheAmericanCivilWarThewarbeganonApril12,1861andwentonfor4bitteryears,withupsanddownsonbothsides.TheturningpointofthewaristheBattleofGettysburg.FinallytheConfederatearmyhadtosurrender,endingthewarin1865.Asaresultofthewar,slaverywasabolishedandtheUnionwaspreserved.Ⅲ.TheAdventuresofTomSawyerFromplayingpiratesonadesertedislandtoattendinghisown“funeral”,fromexploringabat-filledundergroundcavetodiggingfortreasureinahauntedhouse,TomSawyerisageniusatgettinghimselfandhisfriendsintoandoutofsometimesdangerousadventures.Ⅳ.TheAdventuresofHuckberryFinnConsideredasoneofthegreatAmericannovels,theworkhasbeenpopularwithreaderssinceitspublicationandistakenasasequeltoTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.•ItistoldinthefirstpersonbyHuckleberryFinn,afriendofTomSawyer.•ThenovelisnotedforitscolorfuldescriptionofpeopleandplacesalongtheMississippiRiver.Ⅳ.TheAdventuresofHuckberryFinnⅤ.GildedAgeInUnitedStateshistory,theGildedAgereferstotheeraofrapideconomicandpopulationgrowthintheUnitedStatesduringthepost–CivilWarandpost-Reconstructionerasofthelate19thcentury.Ⅴ.GildedAgeTheterm“GildedAgewascoinedbyMarkTwainandCharlesDudleyWarnerintheirbookTheGildedAge:ATaleofToday,ataleofcorruptionandfailedlanddealsandalossofinnocence.1steditionbookcoverⅤ.GildedAge•Inthisperiod,notonlytheroleofwomenwasbeingchallenged.Industrialists,corporations,utilities,bankers,andbrokerswereincreasinglyviewedasanenemybytheworkingclass,whosewageshadstagnatedwhilemenwhowerealreadymillionairesgotricher.Ⅴ.GildedAge•Failedlanddeals,speculation,andcorruptionwereprevalent.Manyworkerswentfrombeingindependenttradesmentobeingwagelaborersconcentratedinlargefactories.•MillionsofimmigrantsswelledthepopulationofU.S.citiesandbegantocompeteforjobs.Laborunionswereborntorepresenttheseangryandbeleagueredworkers.Ⅵ.GoldRushAgoldrushisaperiodoffeverishmigrationofworkerstoanareathathashadadramaticdiscoveryofgold.Majorgoldrushestookplaceinthe19thcenturyinAustralia,Brazil,Canada,SouthAfrica,andtheUnitedStates,whilesmallergoldrushestookplaceelsewhere.VII.TheMysteriousStranger•AnunfinishedworkbyMarkTwainwhoworkedroughlyfrom1890untilhisdeathin1910•A“complete”versionwaspublishedposthumouslyin1916byTwain’sbiographerunderthenameTheMysteriousStranger,ARomance.VII.TheMysteriousStrangerThepublishedbookversionnonethelessmaintainsTwain’ssharpattackonthehypocrisyoforganizedreligionthatisthesubjectofmuchofTwain’slaterwritings.Heviewsreligionasa“moral”ordertoprotectwealth,power,andoppression.VIII.TheCelebratedJumpingFrog•Itisan1865shortstorybyMarkTwain,hisfirstgreatsuccessasawriter,bringinghimnationalattention.•Thestoryhasalsobeenpublishedas“JimSmileyandHisJumpingFrog”(itsoriginaltitle)and“TheNotoriousJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty”.VIII.TheCelebratedJumpingFrog•Thenarratorretellsastoryheheardfromabartender,SimonWheeler,attheAngelsHotelinAngelsCamp,California,aboutthegamblerJimSmiley.PartThree—TextAppreciationⅠ.TextAnalysis→Introduction→Theme→TextOrganization→FurtherUnderstandingⅡ.WritingDevices→LanguageStyle→RhetoricalDevicesⅢ.SentenceParaphraseⅠ.TextAnalysisIntroduction•“MarkTwain—MirrorofAmerica”isanexemplificationorbiographicalessayonMarkTwainwrittenbyNoelGrove.•Anessayisapieceofwritingoftenwrittenfromanauthor’spersonalpointofview.Ⅰ.TextAnalysis•Anessaycanconsistofliterarycriticis