地理科学的信息化与现代化

:2001-04-29;:2001-05-28:,,:1000-0690(2001)03-0193-05(,100101):20,21,,,;,,,21,:;;;:K90:A20:,,[1],,89,392,50,!,110021,,,[2]20,,,(WTO),,,[3],,,(GlobalStudy),[4,5],,,,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,21320016SCIENTIAGEOGRAPHICASINICAVol.21No.3June,2001©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,20002,75%,98T,1.5,2,(NIMA),9000,10,,1991,10%,199990%20,,2(CNCnet),200010,8490km,106,17,17:,40000M(40Ghps)IP,,,1025:1999,2,165,3000,230002001,2003,200590%510,90%,19955.1,199927.3,200039.620002,,3,2005,2000,,,,,:,2.11992,(Tele2commu2nicationgeography)(Info2geogra2phy)[6](NationalCenterforGeographicInformationandAnalysisNCGIA)(UniversityConsortiumforGeographicInformationSciences,UCGIS)(TheDigitalWorld),(AdvancingGeographicInformat2ionScience,1995)[7],:1)(CognitionModelsofGe2ographicSpace)[8];2)(ConceptionalImple249121©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.mentationsofGeographicConcepts)[9];3)(GeographyofInformationSociety)[10]1996,UCGIS:1)(DistributingComputing);2)(CognitionofGeographicInformation);3)(InteroperabilityofGeo2Information);4)(Scale);5)(ThefutureoftheSpatialInformationInfrastructure);6)(TheGISandSociety);7)(SpatialAnalysisinGISEnvironment);8)(SpatialDataAcquisi2tionandIntegration);9)2.21),,,2),,,3),,,,,2.31),,2),3)(Internet2Web)4)3,,,,,,,,:,,,,!,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,5913:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,:1)1920,,,21;,,,,,,,,212),,,,,,,,,3)21;,,,,,,-(MGIS),;(CAD),(GIS+CAD),,,,;,,2120,21,,,(),,,:[1].2001,[J].,2001,56(2):232238.[2],.[M].:,2001.[3],,,.[M].:,2000.[4]().[C].:,1998.[5],()..[M].:,1992.[6],.[J].,1998,53(4).[7]NCGIA.AdvancedGeographicinformationscienceAproposaltoNSF[Z].1995..[8]SusanHanson.Tengeographicalideasthatchangedtheworld[M].NewBranswich:RutgersUniversityPress,1997.[9]MJEgnhofer,etal.Progressincomputationalmethodsforrep2resentinggeographicalconcepts[J].Intern.Journalofgeographi2calinformation,1999,12:775-796.[10]ESheppard,etal.Geographiesoftheinformationsociety[J].InternationalJournalofGeographicalInformation,1999,12:797-82469121©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.InformationandModernizationofGeographyCHENShu2peng(InstituteofGeographicSciences&NaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101)Abstract:Inthe20thcentury,theachievementofgeo2sciencewasresplendentinChina,whichestablishedthemodernscientificbasis.Confrontedwithchanceandchallengetoglobalization,networkandknowledgeeconomyin21stcentury,globalstudyneedtobeemphasized.TheearthssurfacebetweenionosphereandMohosurfaceisthemeanlayerofinformationtransmissionandthemostactivehumancivilization,allofthesebelongtocom2prehensiveresearchfieldsofgeo2systemscience.Progressintheearthobservationtechnologysystemandad2vancementoftemporalandspatialresolutionhavemadeglobalsynchronousdynamicmonitoringintoreality,in2formationsourceisveryprofuse.Networkationhasstrategicallyexploitedsomenewresearchareas,suchasGeo2informationscienceandDigitalEarth;whichhasenhancedourreunderstandingtourbanization,re2source,ecologyandenvironment;andstrengthenedtheabilityofgeographicalstrategydecisionandparticipatinginprojectprogrammingandplanning.Geographyiscomprehensivesubjectderivedfromnatureandbasedonhu2man,whichalwayspaysattentiontoexploitingtemporallawandspatialstructureanditstransformation,geo2graphicalsciencemustdeeplymineprofoundgeo2informationresources,accelerateitsinformalizationandmod2ernization,thusitcanfullybringwholeandtraditionalpredominanceintoplay.Withglobalization,networkandintelligencetogether,geo2sciencemusthavesplendentfutureinthe21stcenturyKeywords:Geo2systemscience;Globalization;Network;Knowledgeeconomy7913:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.