我国社会保险法律制度研究

12123344571212121318181924262629293030331323335363811456[1]:;“”“”782492080801980““”[2]10[3][4][5]11[6]“”12[7]13“”[8]“[9]14“[10]15188919512519841991198410198841918200300[11]1991[1991]3316[12]199319953[1995]6“”19977[1997]2619991[1999]25119977“”[13]172000657%[14]“”[15]“”“”33.3%“”“”“”“”“”“”“”181[16]“”“”“”“”2[17]193“”“”[18]“”“”123“”“”“”420[19][20]“”“”19935110%19946415%[21]519977[22]199680.765.8%95.316.5%21195045020[23]198619931993199919991986“”“”[24]19861989[1989]151990[1990]121991221992[1992]48“”1992744021027504009200[25]1993199941981“”“”199311“”“”1986“”“”1986199319998023“”“”“”“”1%194891016036141982424224“”“”1993[26]2%17%25“”26522052201200[27]102733324“”195128“[28]1993“”1998[1998]441999[29]195019963GB116801996819511988199429901999“”“”“”“”“1997[1997]261995;;3019971998273;196712819887516831199411519951997626“”199828199819991998[1998]44199919963GB/1618032199419991220—403.38%1.89%50%3320—507%65653480%60%56%35“”[30]13365%—10%;WTO21373839[1][]·19883[2]1998623[3]19964[4]19994[5][]·D·19961[6]199612[7]19994[8]20001[9]20001[10]19976192[11]2019981259[12]19976231[13]1999371[14]1998647[15]1999115340[16]20005[17]19993[18]1998199920001[19][]M.20006[20]20002[21]20011[22]20011[23]19982[24]19963[25]20003[26]20002[27]19976[28]20199812187[29]19963[30]200114111993321992231998641999115199936199771997682019981291985510199351119925121992513199112141993415[]·198834216[]·199017[]1995418[]·20011119[]199332019961221··19941022··199842319991224[]·1989625[]M.20006262000227199762820011294320003301996331199633219981999200013320005444546202547AbstractSocialInsuranceLaw,whichiscalledthesafetynetforthewholesociety,isanimportantpartofthesocialguaranteesystem.Atpresent,ourcountrylacksaunifiedsocialinsurancelegislation,andtheexistinginsurancelegalnormhavetoomanydefaults,suchas:stronglosalcharacteristicsofthenorms,theoverlapping&conflictingcontents,thelowerlegislationlevel,whicharemostlydecisionsandideasfromtheStateCouncilanditsdepartments,andalsotheshortoflegislationinruralendowmentinsurance&medicalinsurance,etc.MypaperbeginsfromtheanalysisofthevalueoftheSocialInsuranceSystem,emphasizesonpointingoutitsexistingproblems&thelegislativenecessity,attemptstoraisesomecorrespondinglegislativeproposalandtomakeclearitsvaluepositiontheoretically,andpropelslegislativelythesocialinsuranceunifiedlegislationtobepublishedassoonaspossible&theSocialInsuranceLegslNormapproachingperfectiondaybyday.ThefirstsectionhandlesthevalueanalysisofSocialinsuranceSystem.It’smainlyabouttherelationbetweenthesystem&thesocialequity&economicefficiency&humanrightsguaranteerespectively.ThesocialInsuranceSystemshowsthesocialequity&fairness.Asamodeofredistributionofnationrevenue,thesocialinsurancecanadjustsocialincome,narrowtheincomegapbetweenthesocialmembers.Itexpressessocialfairness,soitcanplacateinferioritygroups,insuretheessentiallivingstandardoftheweak,therefore,theSocialInsuranceSystemcaneffectivelyreduceanti-societysentments,harmonizetheeconomicconflictsamongsocialmembers,keepthesocietysteady;ThesocialInsuranceSystemencourageseconomicefficiency.First,itistheuniformoffairness&efficiency.Fairnessincludesresultfairnessandprocessfairnesswithresultfairnessrequiresequalfigure,i.e.thebalanceinwealthpossessingamongsocialmembers.Butitneglectspeople’sdiffrenceinworkingtogainthewealth,soitisalow-level&narrowequalityview;whileprocessfairnessemphasizesonusingthesamegamerulesinthecompetitiontocreatedifferentvalueaccordingtoeachone’sdifferentcomprehensiveabilities.TheSocialInsuranceSystemcontainsprocessfairnessidea&it’stheuniformbetweenfairness&efficiency.Second,theSocialInsuranceSystemhascertaincontentsofeconomysystem.Itcancontributetothedevelopmentofeconomy.Bacauseasystemcanbe48distinguishedassocial&economicone,wheresocialsystemkeepssocialorder,reflectssocialfairness,promotessocialdevelopment&humanrightsguarantee,whileeconomicsystemismainlyeconomicelements,including:production,exchangement,distributionandmarketing,etc.Witheconomicefficiencyasitsaim,itstudiesthepermutation&combinationoftheseeconomicelements,inordertoreachthemaximizationprincipleofthemarketvalue.TheSocialInsuranceSysteminsurestheessentialhumanrights,whichareonebranchofrights,itreflectspeople’sneedsinthequalificationtogovernothersorintheguaranteeofthepossibilitiesofoneself’sfreeaction.It’sahistorical&comprehensiveconcept,whichshowspeople’sphysiologicalrequirementsandpsycholegicaldesires.Humanrightscanbefurtherdividedintobasichumanrightsandnon-basichumanrights.Therightsforexistance,development,equality&freedomaregenerallyconsideredbasichumanrights,whilemedicalinsuranceinthesocialinsuranceisthe“patronsaint”forpeople’slife&health&unemploymentinsurancenotonlyprovidesunemploymentinsurancefundtotheunemployed,butprovidesre-employmenttraining&recommendsrelativeemployingunitstomeetone’sdevelopment.ThesecondsectiontellsthepresentstateandexistingproblemsofourChina’sSocialInsuranceSystem.Itfirstanalyzesthepresentstateofourendowmentinsurance.First,itisaboutourruralendowmentinsurance.Uptillnow,wehaven’testablishedanyeffectiveone.Atpresent,theend