英语倒装句详解

倒装句详解概念：用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要,分为完全倒装和部分倒装.一.完全倒装：句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时.1.以here,there,now,then等副词或out,in,up,down,away等表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调,句子要全部倒装,谓语动词常用come,go,be,lie,run,rush等.2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时AbeautifullakeliesatthefootofthehillAtthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.注意：在上述句子中,如果主语为人称代词,则主、谓不需要倒装.Inhecameandbackhewentagain.Awayhewent.二.部分倒装：be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语的前面.Isamarewaswere（be动词）dodoesdid（助动词）cancouldwouldmaywillmight（情态动词）等1.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,要进行部分倒装.OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.OnlyafterhecamebackwasIabletoseehim.注：only修饰主语,仍用自然语序,如：OnlysocialismcansaveChina.Iseldomgotothecinema.倒装：SeldomdoIgotothecinema.我很少去看电影．Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.倒装：NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.我从来没有看过这样的表演．2.否定副词及介词短语的否定词位于句首时.高考常考的这类词或词语有：never,not,seldom,hardly,little,nowhere,bynomeans,innotime等.3.notuntil引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装Hedidn’tfinishhishomeworkuntilhismothercameback.倒装：Notuntilhismothercamebackdidhefinishhishomework.直到他的妈妈回来,他才完成作业.Themotherdidn’tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.倒装：Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.等到孩子睡着了,妈妈才离开房间．注意：当Notuntil引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装.4、as/though(虽然,尽管）引导的让步状语从句名词\形容词\副词\分词+as\though+主语+其他AlthoughIamugly,Iamgentle.倒装：UglyasIam,Iamgentle.Thoughheisachild,hehastomakealiving.倒装：Childasheis,hehastomakealiving.注意：从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词5.用于sonorneither开头的句子A、So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也是如此Nor/neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语某人也不是如此1).他喜欢读书,我也是．Helikesreadingverymuch.SodoI.2).我从来没有去过广州大学,他也是．IhaveneverbeentoGuangzhouUniversity,neither/norhashe.Bettyisanicegirl.SosheisB、So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词某人确实如此6.在hardly/scarcely/…when；nosooner…than;notonly…butalso；so...that;such…that的倒装句中,前倒后不倒.hardly/scarcely/nosooner后句子的谓语用haddone,when/than后句子的谓语用一般过去时(1)Hardly/Scarcelyhadhefallenasleepwhenaloudknockatthedoorawakedhim.(2)NosoonerhadIreachedthestationthantrainmoved.(3)Notonlyisheinterestedinfootballbutalsoheplaysitwell.(4)SoharddoesheworkthathehasmadegreatprogressinEnglish.7.If虚拟条件从句中.从句有(were/should/had)1）IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.倒装：WereIyou,Iwouldworkhard.2)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldputoffourmeeting.倒装:Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldputoffourmeeting.3）Ifhehadfollowedmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.倒装：Hadhefollowedmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.8.May置句首,表示祝愿.Mayyousucceed.祝你成功！补充知识1.全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时.常见的结构有：1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等表示来去或状态的动词.Thencamethechairman.那时总裁来了.Hereisyourletter.你的信.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词.Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹.Aheadsatanoldwoman.前面坐着一个老妪.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装.Herehecomes.他来了.Awaytheywent.他们走开了.2.部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前.如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前.1.句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime决不,innoway,notuntil…等.NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.从未见过如此糟糕的表演.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间.2.当Notuntil引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装.注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装.Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.---neverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidn\'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.---notuntilthechildfellasleepthemotherdidleavetheroom.改写为正常语序为,Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了.3.以否定词开头作部分倒装如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than等,要倒装.Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.他没有收下礼物,还狠狠批评了送礼的人.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.她刚出门,就有个学生来访.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.她刚出门,就有个学生来访.4.so,neither,nor作部分倒装用这些词表示\也\、\也不\的句子要部分倒装.TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.汤姆会讲法语,杰克也会.Ifyouwon\'tgo,neitherwillI.你不去,我也不去.注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构.意为\的确如此\.TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.汤姆邀我去踢球,我去了.---It\'sraininghard.---Soitis.雨下得真大.是呀.5.only在句首倒装的情况.Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.只有这样,你才能学好英语.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.叫了三次,他才来参加会议.如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装.Onlywhenheisseriouslyilldoesheeverstayinbed.病得狠重时,他才卧床休息.6.as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前）.但需注意：1）句首名词不能带任何冠词.2）句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后.如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前.Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.他工作很努力,但总不能让人满意.注意：让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用.7.其他部分倒装1）so…that句型中的so位于句首时,需倒装.Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.他害怕得很,动也不敢动.2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中.例如：Mayyouallbehappy.愿你们都快乐.3）在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词,可将if省略,把were,had,should移到主语之前,采取部分倒装.例如：WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.我是你的话,就再试一次.深化拓展一、全倒装：五全=有时表地方经常与be/come/exist/fall/follow/go/remain/seem/stand（表示移动或动态的不及物动词连用）或用表示类似存在观念的其他不及物动词如：live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等1、有：在therebe结构里Thereisaboxonthetable.桌子上面有一个盒子.2、时：表示时间副词,如：now,then,Nowcomesyourturn.现在轮到你了.3、表：表语放句子前,表语＋系动词＋主语的结构PresentatthepartywereMr.Greenandmanyotherguests.格林先生和其他的客人在这个聚会上.Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungmen.一群年轻人坐在了地上.4、地：地点状语放在句首Insouthoftheriverliesasmallfactory.小工厂位于河的南方.Fromthevalleycameacry.山谷传来一阵哭声.5、方：表方位的副词here,there或out,in,up,down,away,off等标志