中职英语基础模块下unit6 定语从句

定语从句—AttributiveClause定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词,通常可以由形容词等来充当。abeautifulschool形容词名词somethingimportant不定代词形容词1.什么是定语从句如果一个句子担任定语来修饰名词或代词，这个句子就叫定语从句。定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，还能修饰整个句子。定语从句修饰名词或代词时,通常位于名词或代词的后面.ThemanwhocamefirstisJohn.(主语)(谓语)(定语从句)先行词who是关系词先行词是指被修饰的名词或代词关系词是指引导定语从句的词.可以分为关系代词和关系副词关系词作用:1.起连接作用2.替代先行词在定语从句中充当一定成分3.关系代词关系副词起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语who,whomWhoseWhichThat没有whatWhenWhereWhy没有how何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略先行词指人的定语从句1关系代词who替代指人的先行词，在定语从句中作主语注意：从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Heisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.定语从句whowantstoseeyou，who是关系代词替代先行词theman，在句中作主语。2.关系代词whom替代指人的先行词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略在口语中可用who代替whomIknowthegirlwhomyoutalkedtojustnow.定语从句Whomyoutalkedtojustnow关系词whom替代先行词thegirl在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。3关系代词thatThat替代指人的先行词在定语从句中主语，宾语。做宾语时可以省略。Whoisthemanthatisreadingamagazineunderthetree?thatisreadingamagazineunderthetree定语从句替代先行词theman在句中作主语ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisTom’ssisterThatwesawyesterday定语从句替代先行词thegirl在句中作宾语可以省略4关系代词whoseWhose替代指人的先行词的所有格，翻译为“某人的”，在定语从句中做定语,后面接其所修饰的名词.Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.定语从句Whosefatherisadoctor修饰先行词afriend;替代先行词afriend的所有格,意为“朋友的”.先行词指人，使用关系代词的特殊情况1。先行词为指人的不定代词时，one，ones，none，anyone，somebody,those等，不用thatOnewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Thosewhowanttovisitthemuseummustbeatthegatebyseven.2.在非限制性定语从句，不用thatI，whoamgoingtoAustralia,ambusylearningspokenEnglish.3.先行词指人时，关系代词前有介词时，只能用whom，不能用who或thatThemanwithwhomheistalkingismyclassmate.4。当主句是以who开头的特殊问句时，只能用that，不能用who或whomWhoisthemanthatisdrivingthecar?先行词指物的定语从句关系代词which，替代指物的先行词，在定语从句中作主语宾语，做宾语时可以省略Tomisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.关系代词thatThat替代指物的先行词，在限制性定语从句中做主语宾语，做宾语时可以省略ThetrainthathasjustleftisforShenzhou.Whereisthebook(that)Iboughtlastweek.关系代词whose替代指物的先行词的所有格，表达“某物的”之意，在定语从句中做定语。Whose后接它所修饰的名词。指物时，whose=ofwhichWhose+名词=the+名词+ofwhichWholivedinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillberepaired.特殊情况1。先行词指物时，用that而不用which的情况1。先行词为指物的不定代词（all,everything,something,anything,nothing,none,one,much,little等）时，只能用that。Allthatweshoulddoisusefultothepeople.Wekneweverythingthatwasofgreatinteresttous.2.先行词被不定代词以及theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,any,few,little等词语修饰时，只能用that。Ihavereadeverybookthatyougaveme.Thereislittlewaterthatcanbeusedtowatertheflowers.3。先行词由序数词或形容词最高级修饰或是形容词最高级转化的名词时，只能用thatThisisthemostbeautifulpaitingthatIhaveeverseen.ThefirstbookthathewroteinEnglishisverypopular.Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.4。先行词中既有人又有物时，只能用thatHeoftentalksoftheteachersandschoolsthathevisitedinChina.5.当主句是以which开始的特殊问句时，只能用thatWhichcompositionthatyouhavereadisbetter?先行词指物用which而不用that的情况1。在非限制性定语从句中Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.2.定语从句修饰主句或主句的时Tomwonthefirstprize,whichmadehisparentshappy.3.关系代词之前有介词时TheschoolinwhichTomstudiedwasveryfamous.关系副词when，why，where引导的定语从句1。关系副词when引导的定语从句When表示时间，其先行词是表示时间的名词（time，hour,day,year等）When在定语从句做时间状语，可用“介词+which”IstillrememberthedaywhenIjoinedtheCommunistParty.(onwhich)DidyouenjoythedayswhenwestudiedandlivedinAmrican.(inwhich)Istillrememberthedays___westudiedtogether.Istillrememberthedays_____wespentstudyingtogether.2。关系副词where引导的定语从句Where表示地点，其先行词是表示地点的名词（place，room,school,hill,country等）Where在定语从句中作地点状语，可用“介词+which”代替ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.Thisisthehouse___hevisitedlastyear.Thisisthehouse___helivedlastyear.关系副词why引导的定语从句Why表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面，在定语从句中作原因状语固定句型thereasonwhy…isthat…Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslatethismorning.Thereason___hemadeupwasobviouslyfalse.Iwouldliketoknowthereason___youchangedtheplan.4.定语从句分类1。限制性定语从句功能上对先行词起限制作用；是先行词不可缺少的定语，不可以省略；形式上定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开;先行词是名词或代词；限制性定语从句关系代词作宾语可以省略。2。非限制系定语从句功能上对先行词附加说明；省去后不影响主句的意思；形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开;先行词是名词代词或者是短语或句子；非限制性定语从句关系词不可以省略。5.定语从句的做题原则方法一找先行词二带从句中三判作成分四选关系词6。As用作关系代词引导的定语从句1主句中出现thesame,as,such,so修饰先行词时，需用as做关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。固定结构：thesame…as;so…as;such…as;as…asHeisofthesameageasyou.Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetells.TakeasmanyasyouwantHereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.注意：thesame…that与Thesame…as的区别Thesame…as表示同一类的Thesame…that表示就是那一个ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.ThisisthesamepenthatIboughtyesterday.2.as引导非限制性定语从句在引导非限制性定语从句中可以代替整个句子或一件事，在从句中作主语宾语或者表语,意为正如…,就像…;从句位置可置于主句之前或之后,有时也可作为插入语至于句中,一般用逗号和主句隔开.AsweallknowAsiswellknownAswasexpectedAsweallcanseeAsweknowso……as中as必须在从句中担任成分（主语、宾语等），而从句就是我们熟悉的定语从句咯。so……that中的that不能在从句中担任成分，只是单纯的先行词，从句也就不算定语从句了。目的状语从句.用so…that和so…as填空Tomis__goodastudent__isoftenpraisedbytheteacher.Jackis__smartaboy__hecanworkoutdifficultmathsproblemsquickly.Theway为先行词的定语从句Thewaythat/inwhich/空格Thewayinwhich/that///heansweredthequestionswassurprising.Oneof+名词复数后接定语从句时，名词复数为先行词，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式Theonly/veryone+名词复数后接定语从句时，one为先行词，故定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard在定语从句中关系代词that/who/which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应于句中先行词的数一致Oneof+名词复数后接定语从句时，名词复数为先行词，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式Theonly/veryone+名词复数后接定语从句时，one为先行词，故定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoiswor