(全新版)大学英语《综合教程》第一册Unit4AmericanDream

（全新版）大学英语《综合教程》第一册Unit4AmericanDreamI.CulturalNotes1.AmericanDream:thebeliefofAmericansthattheircountryoffersopportunitiesforagoodandsuccessfullife.Forminoritiesandimmigrants,thedreamalsoincludesfreedomandequalrights.2.Immigrants:ApartfromNativeAmericans—Indians—whowerelivinginNorthAmericawhenpeoplefirstarrivedtherefromEurope,allAmericanshaveancestorswhowereimmigrants.IntheUSthewordimmigrantisoftenusedwithapositivemeaning.Peopleareproudtosaythattheirancestorswereimmigrantswhocamewithverylittleandbuiltabetterlifeforthemselves.MostAmericanshaveaclearideaofwhatlifewaslikefortheimmigrants:theylefthomebecausetheywerepoorandthoughttheywouldhavebetteropportunitiesintheUS.ForthemtheAmericandreamwasthattalentandhardworkcouldtakethemfromlogcabintoWhiteHouse.OnceintheUS,lifewasnoteasy.Manyimmigrantshadtoworkforlittlemoneyinfactorieswhereconditionswerehardanddangerousandlivedincrowdedbuildings.Butslowlytheyimprovedtheirlivesandmanywrotehometoencourageotherstocome.3.Depressiondays:theperiodofsevereeconomicfailureinmostcountriesoftheworldthatlastedfrom1929untilWorldWarII.ItbeganintheUSwhentheNewYorkStockExchangefellon29October1929,knownasBlackTuesday.Manybusinessesandbanksfailedandmillionsofpeoplelosttheirjobs.PresidentFranklinD.RooseveltimprovedthesituationwithhisNewDealpolicy.buttheGreatDepressionwasonlyendedbyindustrialproductionforthewar.•II.LanguageStudy•1....hardtocomprehendhisbrokenEnglish:•IfsomeonetalksinbrokenEnglish,theyspeakslowlyandmakealotofmistakesbecausetheyonlyknowalittleofthelanguage.•2.turnaway:refusetohelp(sb.)ortoallow(sb.)toenteraplace•Examples:1)He’smysonafterall(毕竟),Ican'tjustturnhimawaywhenheisintrouble.•2)Thelecturehallwasalreadyfullandmanyofthestudentswereturnedaway.•3.workout:plan;solve;calculate•Examples:1)Howwillyoukeepintouchwithme?Wehaven'tworkedthatoutyet.”•2)FinallyIworkedoutthattheparcelhadbeensenttoParisbymistake.•3)Mymotherallowedmetotakethetrip,butaskedmetoworkoutthetotalcostfirst.•4.weekly:happeningonceaweekoreveryweek•Examples:Hisstorywaspublishedinaweeklynewspaper21stCenturyEnglish.•5.cleanup:makecleanandtidy•Examples:1)I'llgoshoppingwithyouassoonasI'vecleanedupthekitchen.•2)Ihatecleaningupafteraparty.•6.helpful:usefulinmakingasituationbetteroreasier;alwayswillingtohelppeople•Examples:1)Sometimesitishelpfultomakealistofeverythingyouhavetodo.•2)Anyinformationwouldbehelpfulindeterminingwhathappenedtoher.•3)Sheissuchapleasantandhelpfulchild.•7.dowith:(usedinquestionswithwhat)dealwith•Examples:1)Whatdoyoudowithsuchrudeboys?•2)Whatarewegoingtodowiththehugerocklyinginthemiddleoftheroad?•8.determination:theabilitytocontinuetryingtoachievewhatyouhavedecidedtodoevenwhenthisisdifficult(uncountablenoun,oftenfollowedbyinfinitiveto)•Examples:1)Heshowedgreatdeterminationbycontinuingtoplayafterhurtinghisfoot.•2)Herdeterminationtodowellmadeherkeeponstudying.•9.personnel:1)thedepartmentinalargecompanyororganizationthatdealswithemployees,keepstheirrecords,andhelpswithanyproblemtheymighthave;humanresources(uncountablenoun,usedwithasingularorpluralverb)•Examples:a)Personnelhas/havereceivedyourapplicationform.•b)HerfirstjobaftergraduationwasinPersonnelatMicrosoft.•2)allthepersonsworkinginanorganization,inthearmy,etc.(usedwithapluralverb)•Examples:a)Allpersonnelinthiscompanyareentitledtomedicalinsurance.•b)Amodemarmyneedshighlyskilledpersonnel.•10.capacity:theabilitytounderstandordosth.(oftenfollowedbyfororinfinitiveto)•Examples:1)Noteveryonehasacapacityforlanguages.•2)Thosemathproblemswerebeyondmycapacity.•3)Idon'tthinkit'swithinafive-year-oldboy'scapacitytospreadcomputerviruses.•11.turndown:refuse•Examples:1)Hewasofferedthejobbutheturneditdownbecauseitinvolvedtoomuchtraveling.•2)Look,Iamofferingyouafreemeal—youaresurelynotgoingtoturnmedown?•12.Tonytookacutinpaytobecomeanapprentice.:Tonyhadhispayreducedinordertobeanapprentice.•13.skilled:havingskill;needingskill(oftenfollowedbyinorat)•Examples:1)TheIT(informationtechnology)industrydemandsskilledlabor.•2)Thepersonnelmanagerispressingforskilledworkers.Shewasskilledindealingwithallsortsofpeople.•14.MywifeandIweredelightedwithwhatwefeltwasasatisfyingendofthestory.:MywifeandIweredelightedwithwhatTonyhadachieved,andthoughtthatthewholethinghadthusbeensettled.•15.forsale:availabletobebought•Examples:1)ReluctantlymyparentsputaForSalesignonthehouse.•2)Herformerhomeisforsaleat$495,000.•16.wreck:sth.suchasaship,car,plane,orbuildingwhichhasbeendestroyed,usu.inanaccident•Examples:Thewreckoftheplanecouldbeclearlyseenonthehillside.•17.callon:visitsb.forashorttime•Examples:I'dliketocallonmyformerprofessorwhileIamonbusinessinBeijing.•18.loan:lend(sth.)•Examples:Hehadkindlyofferedtoloanmeallthebooksrequiredfortheexamination..•n.1)asumofmoneythatyouborrow•Examples:a)Thepresidentwantstomakeiteasierforsmallbusinessestogetbankloans.•b)Iamtryingtogetaloanfromthebanktobuyahouse.•2)theactoflending(usedinsingular,followedbyof)•Examples:Iaskedhimforaloanofhiscartohaveashorttripwithmyfamily.•19.character:theparticularcollectionofqualitiesthatmakesb.aparticularkindofperson•Example