电子商务采购的研究

华中科技大学硕士学位论文电子商务采购的研究姓名：彭泽飞申请学位级别：硕士专业：工商管理指导教师：王槐林20050430IVERPVAbstractTheglobalizationandthecompetitionbasedontimehavebecomeimportantenterprisestratagemsincetheninetiesofthetwentiethcentury,whichmaketheenterprisesattachmuchimportancetothevalueofSCM.Thestrategicsignificanceofe-purchaseasakeycircleofsupplychainhavebeenprovedinapplicationofsomeworld-classenterprise,buttheoperatingmethodofe-pursehavebeennotresearchedandexplainedinglobalenvironment,thetrendisbecomingmoreandmoreevident.Inaddition,thisconceptisexpressedonthebasiclevelinchina.Thus,todaywhenmarketcompetitionisbecomingmoreandmoredrastic,howtoseizethemarketchancetospeedthepaceofE-purchaseisaproblemwhichneedstobestudiedseriously.HowtoapplyE-purchasefortheenterprisesisdiscussedinthispaper.ThispaperfirstlyintroducesthedefinitionoftheE-purchase,aswellasthedevelopmentofE-purchase.ComparingthetraditionalpurchasingwithE-purchasecharacteristicsandfiguringouttheadvantagesandthesignificanceofe-purchasefortheenterprises.Thetypeofe-purchaseareintroducedandtheoperationprocessofE-purchasesystemandsomeproblemswhichshouldbenoticedintheapplicationaredescribedinthispaper.thispaperstressesthenecessarytechniquesupportandthestepsofrealizingE-purchasefortheChineseenterprises.ThesecondparttalksaboutthecaseofCNOOC,whichusedtheE-purchasesystem.WehavetheanalysisofadvantageCNOOCgetsfromtheE-purchase.Andthesametime,WealsohavefoundlotsofproblemswhichareneededtosolveinCNOOC.Inthenexttwoparts,WeanalyzetheproblemsfromtheSCMperspective,andfindouthowtosolvetheproblemstotally.Keywordse-purchase,ERP,supplychain,operationsystemIII200543020054302005430111.1,,,,,,(EDI),,EDI,,,EDI90,,,,,1.1.1ElectronicCommerceEC[1]:2:(EDI)[2];:(1)(B2B)(Business-Business)Internet10B2B,,,[3](2)(B2C)internet(3)(B2G)31.1.2(1)EDI(EDI)[4]EDI(ElectronicDataInterchange)EDI“”“”[5](2)19911993(WWW)1995INTERNET[6]1.1.3:(1)[7]4(2)[8](3)(4)(5)(6)36524[9](7)(8)(9)90%30%41%[10][11]51.21.2.11)(EDI)EDI,EDI,,,,2)(1)ElectronicFundsTransfer,EFTEDI[13](2)EDI[14](3)EvaluatedCashReceipt,ECRECR1.2.261)[15]—5—[16]WEBWEBINTERNETINTRANET[17]2).340073)B2B200071.2.3:(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)()()“”8/1.2.4:(1)(2)(3)(4):1):(1)(2)(3)(4)2)93)(ROA)ROA=()/:(1)(2)(3)(4)4)1.2.5ERP()SCM()OA()ASP10:(1)(2):(3):(ISP)(ASP)(4)(5)1.2.6(Intranet)(Internet)111):(1)(2)ERP(3)ERP2):(1)(2)(3):(4)(5)3):(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6):Email12(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)[18]1.31.3.11995[19][20]1.3.213(1)(2)“”WTO(3)(4)1422.119825002.42003538.6149.867.820012.22.2.120011422.119825002.42003538.6149.867.820012.22.2.1200115200182002;20012002100%,:,,;,,“”,“”,,,,,,,,,2.2.21620031720807.9328.11200371785718719142003615479.5817192.621713.042.32.3.1,,.,,,,[21],,,,17.,(1),,,,,,2—3,,(2),,,,,(3),,,,,,,,,,,,(4),,,,,,,,(5),,,,(6),,,,,182.3.2,,,,,,[22]:(1),,INTERNET,INTERNET,,,,[23](2),,,(3),,,,,,,(4),(),(),(),,,,,19(5),,,,,,,,INTERNET,,[24]2.42.4.1MAXIROMAXIRO20ERP2.4.22.4.321“”2.4.4“”,,,,,,,,2526(27)2233.1(28)Stevens:“”Evens:“”[29]:3.2workflowphysicalflowfundsflowinformationflow:23:(1)(2)“”(3)(4)(5)243.32/3[31][32][33]3.43.4.1253.4.2ERPERPMRP[34]SAPERPR/3ERPERP2001MAXIRO2002ORACLEORACLEERPERPORACLEERPSAPR/3SAPR/3SAPERP2004SAPR/326R/3ERPSAPSAPERP1972SAPR/3/ERPR/3SAPR/3R/3SAPERPR/3MMMM,,,,,,,MM(1)(2)(3),SAP27(SAP),,,,,,,,,,[35]ERPERP2844.1[36][37],,B2B,,,[38]R/3R/31100499520[39]29R/3[40]ERP4.2ERPMRP30[41]R/3ERPERPERP[42]ERPERPERP[45]R/3ERP50ERPERP31,,,:(1),(2),,,,(3),,(4),,(5)ERP,,,,,,,,,32MBA!33[1].B2B..orientwind.diy.163.com,2002[2]...chinazhaobiao.com,2001[3],,.B2B.,1999,8:35[4],.EDI.orientwind.diy.163.com,2001[5]JensLaage-Hellman,Lars-ErikGadde.TheimplementationofEDIintheSwedishconstructionindustry.ChalmersUniversityofTechnology.DepartmentofIndustrialMarketing,2001,12:237[6]..,2002:57[7]BobRoberts,MikeMackay.Theroleofelectroniccommerce.EuropeanJournalofPurchasing&Supplymanagement,2000,5:178179[8]HokeyMin,WilliamP.Galle.E-purchasing:profilesofadoptersandnonadoptersIndustrialMarketingManagement,2003,11:87[9]..,2003:37[10].B2B..chinazhaobiao.com,2002[11]JamesP.Andrew..,2001,6:11[12],..,2001,4:34[13]PhilipKotler,Experts.TellHowToMinimizeYoure-PurchasingRisks.InternationalThomsonBusinessPress,1997,3:75[14]MartinJ.Carrara,Esq.HowtoAvoidSoftwareRepossessionbyyoure-PurchasingSystem.SupplierPurchasingLawReport,2002,4:56[15]Tully,Shawn.Purchasing'sNewMuscle.Fortune,2001,12[16]..,2001:86[17]PhillipWB,WendellJV.Atime-basedStrategyonSupplyChainManaggement:34Industrialmanagement,2000,9:8[18].e:.,2001,5:47[19].99.,2001:87[20]..,2001,8[21]VincentA.Mabert.TheDesignofaSupplierAllianceProgram.CentreofAdvancedPurchasingStudies,1999,1:52[22]..,2003[23]QuentinB.Samelson.SupplierSelection.ManagementReport,2002,12:35[24]LiWen-lia,PaulHumphreysb,L.Y.Chanc,MohanKumaraswamy.Predictingpurchasingperformance:theroleofsupplierdevelopmentprograms.JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology,2003,5:75[25],..,2002,10(4):58[26],..,2002,1:9899[27]..,2001,4:53[28],,..,2001:8283[29],,..,2000:4445[30]YanDonga,CraigRCarterb,MartinEDresner.JITpurchasingandperformance:anexploratoryanalysisofbuyerandsupplierperspectives.JournalofOperationsManageme