250万吨大庆原油常压塔设计

辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸I摘要本次设计主要是设计原油处理量能力为250万吨/年的常压塔设计。常压塔的设计主要是依据所给的原油实沸点蒸馏数据及产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品各物性，确定切割方案，计算产品收率。参考同类装置确定塔板数、进料及侧线抽出位置，再假设各主要部位确定操作温度及操作压力，进行全塔热平衡计算。采用塔顶二级冷凝冷却和两个中段回流，塔顶取热:第一中段回流取热:第二中段取热为5:3:2，最后校核各主要部位温度都在允许误差范围内。本次设计结果表明，参数的校核结果与假设值之间误差在允许范围内，其余均在经验值范围内，本次设计就此完成。关键词：常压塔：塔板AbstractAatmosphericdistillationcolumn,whichisabletotreatmentcatacitycrudoil3Mtayear,isdesignedmainly,andatypeoftrayandaatmosphericheatingfurnagearesecondary.ThedesignoftheatmosphericdistillationcolumnisbasedonthedatumoftruepointdistillationofthecrudeoilandofEnglerdistillationoftheproducts.The辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸IIcalculationofproducts’physicalpropertyparametersandthecutconceptualandproduct’syieldsarealsobasedonthedatum.Thetraynumber,thefeedtrayandthesidestreamwithdrawingworkistoassumetheoperatingtemperatureandpressureofalltheimportantpointsofthecolumnandtomaketheenergybalancecalculationforthewholecolumn.Atwo-gratecondenserisbeusedontheoverheadofthecolumn,andtwomid-pumparoundonthebody.Therateoftheenergytakenbythecondensersfromtoptobottomis5:3:2.Finaly,thetemperatureassumedshouldbecheckedup.Itisveryimportant.AtypeofF1valvetray,whichavalveweighs33g,ischosen.Itsoutsidediameterdeterminedbythevapourloadofthecolumnis4m.Thetrayspacingis0.6m,sotheheightofthecolumnbodyis27m.Inthissection,themostimportantworkistocalculatethehydromechanicsperformanceandtheoperatingflexibilityoftray.Thetrayshouldbeoperatedinaproperarea.Ahollowcylindricalpipefurnaceischosen.TheVIvacuumresiduumareusedasthefuel,andinthissection,theparametersoftheradiantsectionandconvectionsectioniscalculatedwiththeempiricalformulas.Theresultshowsthattheerrorsbetweenassumedvaluesandtheresultsareintherangepermittedortheresultareintherangeofempiricalvalues.SothedesigniscompletedKeyword:atmosphericdistillationcolumn;valvetray;hollowcylindricalpipefurnace.辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸1目录1文献综述.........................................................11.1绪论............................................................11.2常减压装置的腐蚀................................................11.2.1常减压装置的腐蚀机理........................................11.2.2腐蚀的危害..................................................41.2.3腐蚀对应措施................................................41.3我国常减压蒸馏装置存在问题......................................61.3.1综合能耗高..................................................61.3.2分馏精度和减压拔出深度低....................................91.4常减压装置应对的举措...........................................101.4.1节能降耗...................................................101.4.2装置大型化，提高加工负荷率.................................131.4.3提高分馏精度和减压拔出深度.................................131.4.4优化电脱盐运行工况.........................................141.4.5推广使用阻垢技术...........................................141.5结语...........................................................162设计说明书......................................................172.1原油性质及产品性质.............................................172.2常压塔设计的参数确定...........................................17辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸22.2.1操作压力的确定.............................................172.2.2操作温度的确定.............................................182.2.3设计中的一些经验数据.......................................193常压塔设计计算..................................................2003.1基础数据......................................................2003.2工艺设计计算过程..............................................2223.2.1原油的实沸点蒸馏曲线......................................2223.2.2原油的常压平衡汽化曲线....................................2223.2.3油品的性质参数............................................2443.2.4产品收率和物料平衡........................................3113.2.5汽提蒸汽用量..............................................3113.2.6塔板形式和塔板数..........................................3223.2.7精馏塔计算草图............................................3323.2.8操作压力..................................................3543.2.9汽化段及塔底温度..........................................3543.2.10塔顶及侧线温度的假设与回流热分配.........................3873.2.11常三线抽出板（第30层）温度校核...........................393.2.12常二线抽出板（第21层）温度校核...........................423.2.13常一线抽出板（第21层）温度校核...........................453.2.14塔顶温度的校核............................................48辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸33.3塔板汽液相负荷蘅算.............................................493.3.1关键塔板汽液相负荷蘅算.....................................493.3.2常压塔汽液相负荷汇总表.....................................744塔板的设计.....................................................7654.1基础数据......................................................7654.2塔板设计计算部分..............................................7654.2.1塔板间距..................................................7654.2.2塔径初算..................................................7654.2.3塔高的计算...............................................77764.2.4溢流装置...................................................774.2.5浮阀塔板布置.............................................79785参考文献........................................................816致谢..........................................................83辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸1250万吨/年大庆原油常压塔设计计算1文献综述1.1绪论石油是极其复杂的混合物，要从原油中提炼出多种多样的燃