法律制裁的历史回归

X:,,,,;,:,:,,,Sanction:,,,;,;,,,Punishment,1,,,,,,;,86X1:(1),,,;,(2),,,,;,,,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,:,,:,,,,,4,,,:,,(climina)(delicta),;,,,,5,,;,,,,,,:,,,6,,,,,,(Kembles):,,,,9623456,692,,207[]:,,1996,54[]:,,2001,70[]:,,1959,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(StanleyDiamond)(InSearchofthePrimitive):,(),,,(PaulRadin):,,(J.G.Peris2tiany):,8,,,,,9,,,,,10,,,,:,,:,:,::,,,:,,:,:,,,;,11,:,,,,12,,,,:,,13,,,,,,,,,14,,,,,,,,07200567891011121314:(Stamm)(),1972,26:2,,211:,2002,241:,1983,55,,,,,,,[]:,,2002,328,209©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,,,,,???,?,:,,,;,,,,:,,,,,;,,,,,,;,,,::,,16,,,,,,,,,,,,,,17,,,:,,18,,,,,,,(possession)171516171814,,26[]:,,1993,32[]:,,2003,425(legisActioSacramenti),,2,,212©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:25,,26,,,,:,,,,,,,27,,,,,,,2720056192021222324252627:,,,,,[]:,,1961,102:,;,2(AnlusGellius),[]JM:,,2002,31GeorgeRuscheandOttoKirchheimer,PunishmentandSocialStructure(NewYork:ColumbiaUniversityPress,1939),pp.I-VI.,36[]:,,1999,11,26[]:(),,1961,82[]:,,1988,7974,,18©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,;,,,29,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,30,,,,,,31,,,,,,,,,,,,,32,:(),,33,,:,;,,,,3728293031323316,,437,:,10,,9510,,84[]-:,,2001,??23,,27:,[]:,,1990,597©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,34,,:,,;,35,,,,,,,,,,,;36,,,,:,37,,,,,38,,,,39,40,,,,,,41,424720056343536373839404142[]:,,1987,253:,27,:,;,,27,,100[]:(),,1963,52[]:,,1991,164[]:,,1965,14,,,,34,,226[]:,,1995,221©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,44,,,,:,45;,,,,,,,,,,,46,,,,47,,,,,,,,;,48,,,,Nullumcrimensinelege,nullapoenasinelege49:,,,,,,,;,,,,,:(1),;(2),;(3),;(4)5743444546474849,:,21,,18937,,17617,,9:;,;,[]:/,/,/1999,40827,,103,;,[]:(),,1980,522©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,52,,;53,,,,,,,,,?54,,,:,?,,,,,:,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(AlternativeDisputeResolution),ADR,,,,,,,,6720056505152535423,,17,,,,,37,,69:,1985,127:,2001,42[]:,,2000,216©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,,56:,,57,,,,,,,,?Abstract:Bypursuingtheoriginoflegalsanctionsandsketchingtheirevolutiontrack,thisarticleprobesintotheformationmechanismoflegalsanctions,andthusgraspsthehistoricalcirclealongwhichtheye2volved.Duringtheirhistoricalvoyage,legalsanctionsexperiencedbothone-waydevelopmentandcir2culatorytransformation.Theyalsowitnessedallkindsofmeasuresofsanctionscomingintobeingandpassingaway,stampingtheirrespectivebrands,andthesamemeasureofsanctionleavingatrackevolv2ingfromlightpunishmenttosevereoneandthenfromsevereonebacktolightone.Asoneofthesym2bolsofsocialcultivationandprogress,measuresoflegalsanctionarechangingfromseverepunishmenttolightpunishment,thatis,fromtheseverepunishmentdestroyinglivestothedisputeresolutionwhichischaracterizedbycompensationanddisputesettlement,thusthelegalsanctionreturnedtotheprimitivestartingpointofthehistory.Keywords:legalsanction,sanctionfromlighttosevere,sanctionfromseveretolight,historicalreturn77555657[]:,,1988,3108,,688SallyEngleMerry,TheSocialOrganizationofMediationinNonindustrialSocieties:ImplicationsforInformalCommunityJusticeinAmerica,fromThePoliticsofInformalJustice.'1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.