法律英语专业词汇

法律英语专业词汇.docWordsandExpressions:1.decision：n.anauthoritativedetermination(asadecreeorjudgment)madeafterconsiderationoffactsorlaw裁决，判决2.precedent：n.ajudicialdecisionthatshouldbefollowedbyajudgewhendecidingalatersimilarcase先例3.ruling：n.anofficialorauthoritativedetermination,decree,statement,orinterpretation(asbyajudgeonaquestionoflaw)裁定、裁决4.overrule：vt.toruleagainstuponreviewbyvirtueofahigherauthority推翻5.privatelaw：abranchoflawconcernedwithprivatepersons,property,andrelationships私法6.legislature：n.abodyofpersonshavingtheauthoritytomakelawsforapoliticalunit(asanationorstate)立法机关7.constitutionallaw：n.abodyofstatutoryandcaselawthatisbasedon,concerns,orinterpretsaconstitution宪法性法律8.statute：n.alawenactedbythelegislativebranchofagovernment制定法，成文法9.assemble：vt.tobringorsummontogetherintoagroupesp.inaparticularplaceforaparticularpurpose编纂10.code：n.asystematiccompilationorrevisionoflaworlegalprinciplesthatisarrangedesp.bysubject法典11.caselaw：n.lawestablishedbyjudicialdecisionsincasesasdistinguishedfromlawcreatedbylegislation-calledalsodecisionlaw判例法12.SupremeCourt：n.thehighestcourtsinthejudicialbranchoftheU.S.governmentthathasoriginaljurisdictionovercontroversiesinvolvingambassadorsorotherministersorconsulsbutwhosemainactivityisasthecourtoflastresortexercisingappellatejurisdictionovercasesinvolvingfederallaw最高法院13.amend：vt.toalteresp.inthewording;esp:toalterformallybymodification,deletion,oraddition修改，修订14.amendment修正案15.malfeasance：n.thecommission(asbyapublicofficial)ofawrongfulorunlawfulactinvolvingoraffectingtheperformanceofone’sduties渎职行为（罪）16.impeach：vt.tochargewithacrimeormisconduct;specif:tocharge(apublicofficial)beforeacompetenttribunal(astheU.S.Senate)withmisconductinoffice弹劾17.doctrineofconstitutionalsupremacy宪法至上原则18.treason：n.theoffenceofattemptingtooverthrowthegovernmentofone’scountryorofassistingitsenemiesinwar叛国罪19.misdemeanor：n.acrimethatcarriesalessseverepunishmentthanafelony;specif:acrimepunishablebyafineandbyatermofimprisonmentnottobeservedinapenitentiaryandnottoexceedoneyear轻罪20.bill：n.adraftofalawpresentedtoalegislatureforenactment议案，法案21.constitutionality：n.thequalityorstateofbeingconstitutional;esp:conformitywiththeprovisionsofaconstitution合宪性22.delegate：vt.toempowerabody(asanadministrativeagency)toperform(agovernmentalfunction)授权，委托23.choiceoflaw：n.anissueinconflictsoflawastowhatlaw(asamonglawsofdifferentstatesormultiplefederallaws)shouldbeappliedinacase法律选择24.atissue(alsoinissue):underdiscussionorindispute有争议的25.forum：n.court法院26.trialcourt：n.thecourtbeforewhichissuesoffactandlawaretriedandfirstdeterminedasdistinguishedfromanappellatecourt初审法院，审判法院27.appellate：adj.oforrelatingtoappealsorthepowertohearappeals上诉的28.appeal：n.aproceedinginwhichacaseisbroughtbeforeahighercourtforreviewofalowercourt’sjudgmentforthepurposeofconvincingthehighercourtthatthelowercourt’sjudgmentwasincorrect上诉29.jurisdiction：n.thepower,right,orauthoritytointerpret,apply,anddeclarethelaw(asbyrenderingadecision)管辖权30.limitedjurisdiction：n.jurisdictionthatisrestricted(astoatypeofcase)有限管辖权31.generaljurisdiction：n.jurisdictionthatisnotlimited(astoaparticularclassofcase)普遍管辖权32.circuitcourt：n.acourtthatsitsinmorethatoneplaceinajudicialdistrict:asanyofthefederalcourtsofappeals巡回法院33.hear：vt.togiveahearingto听审，审理34.determinationn.adecisionofacourtoradministrativeagencyregardinganissue,case,orclaim判决，裁决35.litigant：n.anactivepartytolitigation诉讼当事人36.intermediatecourt：n.acourt(asanappealscourt)beneaththecourtoflastresortinajurisdiction中级上诉法院37.districtcourt：n.atrialcourthavinggeneralorlimitedjurisdictioninajudicialdistrictasoneofthefederaltrialcourtssittinginafederaldistrict地区法院38.diversityjurisdiction：thejurisdictiongrantedtofederalcourtsovercivildisputesinvolvingpartieshavingdiversecitizenship(asinbeingfromdifferentstates)wherethematterincontroversyexceedsastatutoryamount多州管辖权，多元管辖权39.discretion：n.thepowerofajudgetousehisorherownjudgmentinmakingdecisionsguidedbywhatisfairandequitableandbyprinciplesoflaw自由裁量权40.adversary：adj.of,relatingto,orinvolvingasystemofjusticeinwhichopposingpartiesusu.representedbycounselpresentevidencetoanimpartialdecision-maker(asajury)byaprocessofquestioningwitnessesunderthesupervisionofajudge对抗性的41controversy：n.astateofdisputeordisagreement争议，纠纷42.proceeding：n.aparticularsteporseriesofstepsintheenforcement,adjudication,oradministrationofrights,remedies,laws,orregulations程序，诉讼程序43.regulatory：adj.管理的，规范性的44.advocate：n.personwhopleadsonbehalfofanother,espalawyerwhopresentsaclient’scaseinalawcourt律师45．produce：vt.bringoutorshowsthsothatitcanbeexaminedorused出示，举出46.inquisitorial:adj.constitutingorrelatingtoasystemofjusticeinwhichthejudgeconductsaninquirydevelopingthefactsoflitigant’scase审讯的，调查的，讯问的47.testimony:n.evidencefurnishedbyawitnessunderoathoraffirmationandeitherorallyorinanaffidavitordeposition证据，证词48.directexamination:n.thefirstexaminationofawitnessbythepartycallingthewitness直接质证，直接询问49.crossexamination:n.theexaminationofawitnesswhohasalreadytestifiedinordertocheckordiscreditthewitness’stestimony,knowle