远大前程1.1 第一部分第1章

OneofDickensmostenduringlypopularstoriesisOliverTwist,anearlyworkpublished1837-8.Likemanyofhislaternovels,itscentralthemeisthehardshipfacedbythedispossessedandthoseoftheoutsideoftolitesociety.Oliverhimselfisborninaworkhouseandtreatedcruellythereaswasthenormatthetimeforpauperchildren,inparticularbyBumble,aparishcouncilofficialoreadleThestoryfollowsOliverasheescapestheworkhouseandrunsawaytoLondon.HerehereceivesaneducationinvillainyfromthecriminalgangofFaginthatincludesthebrutalthiefBillSikes,thefamousartfulDodgerandNancy,Billwhore.Oliverisrescuedbytheinterventionofabenefactor-MrBrownlow-butthemysteriousMonksgetsthegangtokidnaptheboyagain.AuthorbriefintroductionNancyintervenesbutismurderedviciouslybySikesaftershehasshowedsomeredeemingqualitiesandhasdiscoveredMonksinisterintention.ThestorycloseshappilyandwithjusticeforBumbleandthecruelMonkswhohashiddenthetruthofOliverparentageoutofmalice.Accusationsweremadethatthebookglamorisedcrime(liketheewgateGroupoftheperiod)butDickenswiselydisassociatedhimselffromcriminalromances.Hisachievementwasinfactinpresentingtheunderworldandproblemsofpovertytothewell-offinawayrarelyattemptedpreviously.Alwayshopeandfriendsaroundthecompetition,thisisamajorweaknessofhuman.Iftheyhavemoney,wealsowantthemoney.Iftheyareverypoor,sowedon'tcareaboutthesamepoor.Wewillnotbecauseofhisstupidandashamed,becausewewillonlybearoundfriendsmorethanyoufeelashamed.Thisisthethanproblem.总是希望和周围的朋友攀比，这是人类的一大弱点。如果他们有钱，我们也希望有钱。如果他们很穷，那么我们也不在乎同样受穷。我们不会因为自己的愚蠢而羞愧，我们只会因为比周围的朋友更蠢才感到羞愧。这就是“人比人”的问题。briefintroductionaboutthebookInfact,therearelookingaheadproblem.Wehavenomissedwhat,ifneverexpectedtohave.Wearenotdisappointedbecauseofpoverty,sincewedidnotexpecttherich.PIPwaspooranddidnothavewhateducation,buthisfriendsarethesame.Forthem,thisisnotwhat;thisisthelifeofthetruecolours.其实这里还有“往前看”的问题。我们无所谓错过什么，假如从未期待拥有。我们也不会因为贫穷而失望，既然我们不曾指望富有。匹普又穷又没受过什么教育，但好在他的朋友们也都一样。对他们来说，这并没有什么；这就是生活的本来面目。However,oncethePIPrealizesthathehasgreatexpectations,hebegantonolongerbelaw-abiding.Hewasashamedtoassociatewiththeirpartners,heevenfeelashamedofone'sungainlyappearance.Hisfutureclearlyhastheriskofdestroyinghislife.然而，一旦匹普得知他有“远大前程”，他开始不再安分了。他羞于与自己的伙伴们为伍，他甚至还自惭形秽。他的“前程”显然有摧毁他的生活的“危险”。Familyintroduction（家庭介绍）MyfirstnamewasPhilip,butwhenIwasasmallchildIcouldonlymanagetosayPip.SoPipwaswhatevery-bodycalledme.IlivedinasmallvillageinEssexwithmysister,whowasovertwentyyearsolderthanme,andmarriedtoJoeGargery,thevillageblacksmith.MyparentshaddiedwhenIwasababy,soIcouldnotrememberthematall.我的教名叫菲利普，但是在我小时候，我仅会说匹普。因此，匹普就成了大家叫我的名字。我与姐姐住在埃森克斯的一个小村庄，姐姐比我大20多岁，她与村里的铁匠乔·葛吉瑞结了婚。当我还是一个婴儿时，父母就离开了人间，所以我记不得他们的一切情况。Outlineofthischapter(本章概述)Myfirstmemoryisofsittingonagravestoneinthatchurch-yardonecold,grey,Decemberafternoon,lookingoutatthedark,flat,wildmarshesdividedbytheblacklineoftheRiverThames,andlisteningtotherushingsoundoftheseainthedistance.‘Don'tsayaword!’criedaterriblevoice,asamanjumpedupfromamongthegravesandcaughtholdofme.‘IfyoushoutI'llcutyourthroat!’Hewasabigman,dressedallingrey,withanironchainonhisleg.Hisclotheswerewetandtorn.Helookedexhausted,andhungry,andveryfierce.Ihadneverbeensofrightenedinmywholelife.我的最初记忆是在十二月份一个寒冷的、天色阴沉的下午，正坐在那个教堂墓地的一块墓石上。看到的是被那黑色泰晤士河分割成的一片黑压压的沼泽荒地，听到的是从远处大海刮来的嗖嗖呼啸声。“别出声！”一个凶恶的声音大喊起来，这时，从墓地里窜出一个人来，一把抓住我，“安静点，不然我割断你的喉咙！”他身材高大，穿着一身灰色衣服，腿上拴着一副脚镣。他的衣服湿淋淋的并且破烂不堪，看上去筋疲力尽、饥寒交迫、十分凶残的样子，在我一生中从没有见过如此可怕的人。PlotIntrtroduction(情节介绍)1、Afterthemangrabbedme,askedsomeofmypersonalsituation,heseemedtounderstandsomething.那个人抓住我之后，询问了我的一些个人情况，他仿佛明白了一些事情。2、Thismakesmefeelveryafraid,andhewantedmetobringhimsomefoodandfile.这使我感到非常害怕，然后他恐吓我让我给他带一些食物和锉子。43、Infearofthetime,Iagreedtohisrequest,heletmeremembermypromise.在害怕之余，我答应了他的要求，他让我记住我的诺言。4、Fortherestoftheevening,Ithoughtofnothingbutthestrangeronthemarshes.Sometimes,asthewindblewroundthehouse,IimaginedIheardhisvoiceoutside,andIthoughtwithhorroroftheyoungmanwhoateboys’hearts.晚上休息时，我其它的事情都不想，只考虑沼泽地里那个陌生人。有时，当风在房屋周围掠过时，我想自己听到外面他的声音，还想起吞吃小孩子心脏的那个可怕的年轻人。5、Icouldnotsleepatallthatnight.Iwasinterroroftheyoungmanwhowantedmyheart,Iwasinterrorofthemanwiththeironchain,Iwasinterrorofmysister,whowouldsoondiscoverIhadstolenherfood.Assoonastherewasalit-tlelightintheskyoutsidemywindow,Igotupandwentqui-etlydowntothekitchen.Istolesomebread,cheeseandabigmeatpie,hopingthat,astherewasalotoffoodreadyforChristmas,nobodywouldnoticewhatwasmissing.Ididnotdaretakethewholebrandybottle,soIpouredsomeintoasmallerbottletotakeawaywithme.ThenIfilledupthebrandybottlewithwhatIthoughtwaswaterfromabigbrownbottle.ItookafilefromJoe'sboxoftools,andranoutontothedarkmarshes.那天晚上，我彻夜未眠，在想要吃我心脏的那个凶恶的年轻人，在想带着脚镣的那个凶狠的人，在想我那可怕的姐姐，马上就会发现我偷了她的食物。外面的天空透过窗户刚出现朦朦的亮，我就起了床，悄悄地下了楼进了厨房。我偷了一些面包、黄油和一大块肉饼。因为，为过圣诞节准备了许多吃的，希望没有人会发现少了东西。我没敢拿整瓶的白兰地酒，而是倒了一些盛在小瓶里带上了。然后，我用自己认为是盛水的大褐色瓶子里的水把白兰地瓶子倒满。我从乔的工具盒里拿了一把锉，随之跑出了家门，直奔黑压压的沼泽地。在给那个人送食物的路途当中，我碰见了另外一个囚犯，因为他的脚上戴着镣铐他没能追上我。6.Inthedeliveryoffoodtothatperson'sjourney,Imetanotherprisoner,becausehisfeetinshacklesandhecan'tcatchupwithme.7.AfterIgaveittotheman,heknowImetanotherprisoner,helookedveryexcited,scaredItowardthedirection