GRE 写作宝典(摘录)2

背诵句式是非问题分析论证句式Whereasothersocietieslooktothepastforguidance,wecastournetsforward（面向未来）Itisthebeliefinabrighterfuturethatgivesusoptimism.Eventhesedays,whennotallprogressseemspositive(nuclearweapons,airpollution,unemployment,etc.),thebeliefremainsthatforeveryproblemthereisarationalsolution.Thejoboftheparentsistogivethechildreneveryopportunitywhiletheyaregrowingupandthengetoutoftheirway.Whatdeferencepeopleinauthoritydocommandisbasedontheiractualpowersratherthanontheirage,wisdom,ordignity.Inasocietythatchangesasfastasours,experiencesimplydoesnothavethevaluethatitdoesintraditionalsocieties.Ithastakenalongtimetoconvincethepublicthatfreeenterprisedoesnotmeanthatacompanyshouldbefreetopollutetheair,foultherivers,anddestroytheforests.Theassemblylinereducedworkerstocogsofmachineryandmadetheirjobsunutterablyboring,butitproducedgoodsfast.Foodisprepackagedandshoppingisimpersonal,buttheefficiencyoftheoperationproduceslowerpricesandlessshoppingtime.AsanAmericanisalwaysstrivingtochangehislot,heneverfullyidentifieswithanygroup.InAmerica,therearenosuchexpressionssuchasinchinawhere“thefatpiggetsslaughtered,”orinJapan,where“thenailthatsticksoutgetshammereddown.”ThisfreedomfromthegrouphasenabledtheAmericantobecome“EconomicMan”-onedirectedalmostpurelybyprofitmotive,mobileandunencumbered（不受阻碍的）byfamilyorcommunityobligations.Equippedwiththemoney,onecanacquirethetaste,style,andideasthatmarkeachclassandlaunchaquickascentofthesocialladder.Actually,personsinstatussocietieswhoaresecureintheirniches（适当的位置）areallowedmoreeccentricitythanAmericans,whorelyheavilyonsignalsthatotherpeoplelikethem.Whenhalfthepopulationgoestocollege,onecannotexpectthecollegestomaintainthesamestandardsasincountrieswhereonlytheeliteattend.JustasnoteveryJapaneseishardworkinganddeferentialtosuperiors（长者、上司）,noteveryChineseisdevotedtofamily,noteveryAmericanisambitiousorpatriotic-orevenunsophisticated.Noonecouldseriouslythinkthatanyonewhogrowsuppoor,livesinabadneighborhood,andattendsaninferiorschoolhasanopportunityequaltothatofsomeonemorefavored.Americansmaynothaveachievedequality,butatleasttheyaspiretoit,whichismorethanmanyothernationscanclaim.Inmanycountries,whenjobsbecomeavailableforyoungpeopleindistantcities,whentelevisionbeginstodominatehomelife,whenready-madefoodsappearinthemarkets,thecultureappearsmore“American”-althoughtheresemblancecouldbeentirelysuperficial.Someonewholooksaroundordownappearsshifty（不可靠的）toAmericans,althoughinfactonedoesn’tstarecontinuouslyattheotherperson,butglanceselsewhereeveryfewseconds.Whenthedemandforsomethingisgreaterthanitssupply,producersandsupplierswillsensethepossibilityofmakingaprofit-theexcessofrevenuesoverexpensesistheprofit.Asthecaseillustrates,competitiontakesfourgeneralforms:purecompetition,monopoly,monopolisticcompetition,andoligopoly（少数制造商对市场的控制）.Theclassicexampleofpurecompetitionoccurswithacommodity,likewheatorcorn,thathassomanyproducersthatnooneofthemcancontrolitssellingprice.Amonopolyoccurswhenonecompanyaloneoffersaparticularfoodorserviceandthereforecontrolsthemarketandpriceforit.Privaterestaurantsservegourmetfoodfor$70perperson;incentivesboostedagriculturalproduction25percentandindustrialoutput80percentinjustthreeyears;farmersareencouragedtoraiseasmuchastheycanontheirownplots,andsomebecomealmostrichintheprocess.（注意本句中分号的使用）AllthesechangesinChina’seconomiclifehavebroughtchangesinChina’ssocialandculturallifeaswell,manyofwhichunwanted.Ifproductivitymeasurestheefficiencyofaneconomy,ameasureofwhataneconomicsystemproducesisitsgrossnationalproduct(GNP),whichisthecurrentmarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesthatanationproduceswithinaparticularperiod.Currentwisdomsaysthat（当前流行的看法认为）ifyouwantasuccessfulproduct,youneedfirsttoperformdetailedmarketanalysis,makingsurethatthereareplentyofpeoplewhoneedthenewproductandthatyourentryintothemarketwillbeabletogainasignificantshareofthatmarket.Startedattheturnofthecentury,3M(agiantAmericancompany)hasbeengrowingatahealthyrateofabout10percentayearanditboastsofhaving45,000productsonthemarket.AnentrepreneurissomeonelikeTomMonaghan,themanwhoafterbrusheswithbankruptcyturnedDomino’sPizzaintothenation’sfastest-growingfranchisechain.Theextenttowhichthebroadcastmediashouldbecensoredforoffensivelanguageandbehaviorinvolvesaconflictbetweenourrightasindividualstofreelyexpressourselvesandthedutyofgovernmenttoprotectitscitizenryfrompotentialharm.Althoughwemaynothaveconclusivescientificevidenceofacause-effectrelationship,ampleanecdotalevidenceestablishesasignificantcorrelation.Moreover,bothcommonsenseandourexperienceswithchildreninformusthatpeopletendtomimicthelanguageandbehaviortheyareexposedto.Thosewhoadvocateunbridledindividualexpressionmightpointoutthattherightoffreespeechisintrinsictoademocracyandnecessarytoitssurvival.Insum,itisinourbestinterestasasocietyforthegovernmenttocensorbroadcastmediaforobsceneandoffensivelanguageandbehavior.Whileindividualshaveprimaryresponsibilityforlearningnewskillsandfindingwork,bothindustryandgovernmenthavesomeobligationtoprovidethemwiththemeansofdoingso.Thesuggestedreasonfo