无线通信终端基带和射频简述

李峰无线通信应用工程师安捷伦科技有限公司[e-mail]无线通信终端基带和射频简述Page2接收解调均衡信道分离解密信道编码话音译码发信VCO时钟基准CPU控制器SIM卡接口调制TDMA帧形成显示屏加密键盘码速适配器信道编码话音编码D/A合路器频率合成器A/D存储器数字接口听筒话筒射频部分逻辑/音频部分典型的无线通信终端的框图Page3典型的无线通信终端的基本构成•射频电路•基带电路•其他附件Page4手机的基带部分模拟基带芯片数字基带芯片语音AD/DA射频AD/DAGMSK调制器解调器均衡器协议栈&MMI部分Layer1协议GSMVocoder信道编解码器交织/解交织加密/解密Burst形成天线射频收&发SIM卡数据接口键盘SRAMFLASHLCD显示蜂鸣器背光电源管理MICReceiverPage5手机的基带部分的基本功能•无线通信基带信号处理•模拟基带处理：声码器、电源管理、AD/DA、时钟、AFC/APC/AGC控制•数字基带处理：典型的结构如ARM+DSP•系统基本外设功能•存储器（Flash存储器、SRAM）、键盘、LCD显示、SIM卡、扬声器、麦克风、蜂鸣器、震动器、背光、服务指示灯、免提耳机、翻盖检测•供电：锂离子电池、锂聚合物电池、后备电池•充电：旅充、坐充•外部接口：JTAG调试接口、UART串口、LCD模块接口、键盘板接口Page6手机基带和射频解决方案•主流的手机平台解决方案提供商•ADI（模拟器件-美国）•TI（德州仪器-美国）•Agere（杰尔系统/朗讯-美国）•Skyworks（思佳讯-美国）•Infineon（英飞凌-德国）•Broadcom（博通-美国）•Nexperia（飞利浦-荷兰）•MTK（联发科技-台湾）•Spreadtrum（展讯-中国）•Freescale（飞思卡尔-美国）•Renesas（瑞萨科技-日本）Page7Page8收发信机（Transceiver）•收发信机（发射机和接收机）一般是指调制解调器•调制：发射时把基带信号加载到射频信号•解调：接收时从射频信号提取出基带信号•Transceiver根据其工作频率可分为：单频、双频、三频等•Transceiver根据其中频特征可分为有中频、零中频、近零中频等Page9RoleofaTransmitter090ADADHPMX-2007Thelkhefwwlkhqwilehrwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqThelkhefwwlkhqwilehrwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwThelkhefwwlkhqwilehrwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.PowerSupplyPowerAmplifierMixerOscillatorBasebandProcessorModulatorbiasIDataQData1.createcarrier2.adddatatocarrier4.amplifytobroadcast3.shifttohighfrequencyInformationAntennabiasuP/DSP发射机（Transmitter）Page10典型的发射机的结构•DirectConversionTransmitter•Two-stepConversionTransmitter•OffsetPLLTransmitterPage11090IQwLOPros:lessspurioussynthesizedCons:moreLOpullingDirectConversionTransmitterPage12090IQwLOw1w2Pros:lessLOpullingCons:morespurioussynthesizedDirectConversionTransmitterwithOffsetLOPage13090IQcosw1tcosw2tw1+w2Pros:lessLOpullingsuperiorIQmatchingCons:requiredhigh-QbandpassfilterTwoStepTransmitterPage14090IQcosw1tPD/LPFVCO1/NOffsetPLLTransmitterPage15发射机的射频性能要求•OutputPower•SpuriousEmission•AdjacentChannelPowerRatio;ACPR•FrequencyStability•ModulationAccuracyPage16信源发射机基本的数字调制发射机测试模型输出功率邻道功率占用带宽输出频谱模板功率对时间关系杂散…误差矢量幅度幅度误差相位误差频率误差I/Q偏移码域误差…频谱分析仪矢量信号分析仪其它发射机测试仪表功率计频率计数字存储示波器……Page17RoleofaReceiver090ADADHPMX-2007Thelkhefwwlkhqwilehrwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqThelkhefwwlkhqwilehrwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwThelkhefwwlkhqwilehrwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.esjlkhqwhwlhlihewrwwklhjrqlihqilhqq3wihqwejklhwajkhrqwiluwae.PowerSupplyuP/DSPLowNoiseAmplifierMixerOscillatorBasebandProcessorDe-ModulatorbiasIDataQData1.amplifyreceivedsignalwithmin.addednoise2.shifttolowerfrequency(costand/orperformance)3.LOfordownconversion4.discardcarrierandrecoverdataInformationbiasbiasAntenna接收机（Receiver）Page18典型的接收机的结构•HeterodyneReceiver•DirectConversionReceiver•Low-IFReceiver•ImageRejectReceiverPage19超外差HeterodyneReceiverIFreceiverADRFIFLO1a(t)b(t)LO2Page20