阅读理解解题技巧(公开课)

英语阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率主旨大意型事实细节型词义猜测型命题类有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:推理判断型1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:主旨大意题做题要领1.干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。主旨大意题指针对段落或短文的subject(主题)、mainidea（主要思想）、title（标题）或purpose（目的）拟题。找出主题句(常在首尾段的首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中)或通过浏览全文，抓住关键词，把握主旨。主旨大意题解题方法与步骤Passage1InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian’sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能满足的）society.练习题Question:WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraphA.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?事实细节型常有以下几种命题方式：事实细节型•干扰项：范围过大，过小•干扰项：偷换概念•干扰项：正误并存，某个分句是正确的解题方法：原文定位法1.抓住问题中的关键词，迅速回到原文中找到这一细节；2.把细节所在段落仔细阅读一遍，与所给选项核对、分析、判断、得出答案阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining---事实细节题Passage2Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows……Q1)____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.A.55B.175C.325D.275Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600词义猜测题的常见的提问形式:•Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans_____?•Theword“…”mostlikelymeans____?•Whichisfollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____?•Theunderlinedword/phrase“…”means____inChinese?1）文中找线索或信息词;2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。做题要领同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词义猜测型情景推断法、代词替代法等1.同义法IntheancientcityofRome,wevisitedeverymansion,church,battlesite,theatre,andotherpublichalls.mansion:建筑物或场所2.释义法Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle….thatwillbreakeasily.brittle:易碎的，脆弱的3.情景推断法Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.prompt:准时的4.常识推断法Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbeguntoread.spectacles:眼镜阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining---词义猜测题Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage3:MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(应得的，值得的).推理判断型常见的命题方式有：1.Thepassageimpliesthat_______.2.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_____.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred?4.Whatisthetoneoftheauthor?5.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?6.Thepassageisintendedto_____.7.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理判断型透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。不要选择表层信息推理判断题（做题要领）既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining---推理判断题Passage4Oneafternoon,inParis,Itookatriptoanartmuseum.Iwaslookingforwardtoaquietviewofsomegreatpaintingsofexcellentartists.Ayoungcouplelookingatthepaintingsinfrontofmeweretalkingnon-stop.Iwatchedthemamomentandfoundthewomanwasdoingallthetalking.EachtimeIheardhervoice,Imovedawayatonce.练习题Q:TheWhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1？A.Thewriterwasapersonwithfewwords.B.Thewriterwaswaitingforsomeartists.C.Thewriterwaslookingforsomegreatpaintings.D.Thewriterwantedtoenjoygreatpaintingsquietly.文章Summary主旨大意型事实细节型词义猜测型阅读理解推理判断型训练建议1.提高阅读速度计时和限时阅读训练2.改变阅读习惯指读出声读回读3.掌握阅读技巧先题后文文－题－文4.积累文化背景知识和生活知识关注中西方文化差异5.注重长难句的理解原因：修饰语过多，并列成分多，语言结构层次多方法：1）抓句子主干2）分析从句和短语的功能3）分析词、短语和从句的关系训练建议