高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习

1高中英语主谓一致（一）主谓一致的应用1．名词作主语1）某些集体名词，如family,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfamilyisahappyone.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。2）某些集体名词，如people,police,cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.4）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Threeyearshaspassedsincethen.5）不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.6）如果主语有morethanone很多非常…或manya许多……构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.7）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.8）thiskindofmen的谓语动词用单数，menofthiskind的谓语动词用复数，allkindsof后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.9）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The(This)glassworkswassetupin1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glassworksareneartherailwaystation.（这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）10）all，most,half,restof看of后面的词，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：2Allofmyclassmateslikemusic.Allofthewaterisgone.11)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.2．由连接词连接的名词作主语1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.2）当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由引导词前面的主语而定。如：Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.３）以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.Eitheryouorheistogo.3．代词作主语1）关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.2）疑问代词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu.Wholivenextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu.Whatproduce(s)heat?4．分数、量词作主语1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsofplentyof,alargequantityof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和这种情况类似的还有“anumberof+名词复数”谓语用复数译为大量，许多，thenumberof中心词是number,谓语用单数，译为…的数量Anumberofstudentshavegonehome.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意：(large)quantitiesof……不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：3Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”；insmallquantities意为“少量”。2）agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；largeamountsof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.3）表示数量的oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.5．名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等；Theblindstudyinspecialschools.Thepoorliveinaundevelepedcountry6．从句作主语1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，反之，单数。例如：Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaredoctors.41.Three______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeopleC.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.A.amB.isC.areD.be4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;wasC.aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;is5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.A.were;itB.are;themC.was;itD.is;them6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.A.isexploitedB.areexploitedC.hadexploitedD.haveexploited7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.isB.wasC.areD.were8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.were10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.A.arewatchingB.iswatchingC.isseeingD.areseeing13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.wouldbe14.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.5A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreservedC.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreserved16.There______littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen17.Whatsuchasunsetis______strangetousall.A.goingtobeB./C.isD.that18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface______withwater.A.iscoveredB.iscoveringC.werecoveredD.arecovered19.Thefollowing______someothermentaldiseases.A.beingB.areC.wasD.wer