第四届电动汽车标准法规国际研讨会-铜业张国庆

TechnologyofBatteryThermalManagementinElectricalVehicleGuoqingZhangInternationalCopperAssociationConsultantSchoolofMaterialsandEnergy,GuangdongUniversityofTechnologySelfIntroductionConsultantofInternationalCopperAssociation¾LeaderofEnergyDepartmentofGDUT¾Professor¾DoctoralSupervisorGuoqingZhangisversedinthePowerBatteryThermalManagementTechnologyatGuangdongUniversityofTechnologysince2005.HereceivedPh.D.degreesofappliedchemistryatTianjinUniversityin1995andlaterworkedonpostdoctoralresearchatNankaiUniversity.HejoinedtheBYDCompanyandstarredtheleaderofelectricvehiclebatterygrouptoresearchthebatterymaterialsandbatteryassemblyin1997.HejoinedOceanpowerandoccupiedthetechnicaldirectorandthedeanofR&Dinstitutetoworkonthestandardizationofnewproductrelatednationalandlocalindustrytechnologyin1999.Mr.ZhangisaleaderofenergydepartmentofGDUT,andmainlyengagedintheresearchoflithiumionbatterymaterials,batteryassemblytechnologyandbatterythermalmanagementtechnology.HealsoisthevicedirectorofthetechnologyassociationofmetallurgyandenergyofGuangdong.hehostedandparticipatedmorethantenprovincialkeyprojects,includingtheInternationalScience&TechnologyCooperationProgramofChina,theSpecialProgramofStrategicEmergingIndustryElectricVehicleofGuangdong,theGreatScienceandTechnologyProjectofGuangdongandsoon.THEEVBATTERYSAFETYANDTHERMALMANAGEMENTPresentedbyGuoqingZhang,Ph.DInternationalCopperAssociationEmail:[e-mail]:18924808351CONTENTS相变材料热管理PCM-BTMS1.热管理必要性2.现有热管理系统对比3.PCM-BTMS原理5.结论4.CF-PCM技术成果THEIMPORTANCEOFPOWERBATTERYTHERMALMANAGEMENTAperformancecomparisonofthreetypesofbatteryBatteryTypeLead-AcidBatteryNi–MHBatteryLi-ionBattery(EnergyDensity)(WH/Kg)30~5060~120110~160ChargeTime(h)8-162-42-4Voltage21.253.6(Self-DischargePerMonth)(RoomTemperature)5%30%10%OperatingTemperatureRange-20℃~+60℃-20℃~+60℃-20℃~+60℃OPERATINGTEMPERATURERELATIVETOBATTERYPERFORMANCEBatterycanobtainaoptimalbalanceofperformanceandbatterylifeatappropriatetemperaturerangeOperatingTemperature(℃)25℃45℃50℃55℃CycleTimes(循环次数)800800600500CapacityLossRatio(容量损失比例)31%36%60%70%(Ramadassetal.,)OPERATINGTEMPERATUREAFFECTSSEVERALASPECTSTemperature电化学系统ElectrochemicalSystem充放电效率Charge-DischargeEfficiency电池可充性RechargeableCharacteristics电池可靠性和安全性ReliabilityandSecurity电池寿命和循环次数CycleTimesandLife电池容量和功率CapacityandPowerLI-IONBATTERYPERFORMANCE容量规格/(Ah)（Capacity)100最大放电倍率(MaximumDischargeRate)5C(30s)最大充电倍率(MaximumChargeRate)4C(60s)使用温度范围/℃(OperatingTemperatureRange/℃)-25～60搁置温度范围/℃(Non-usetemperature/℃)-40～80成本/(元/Wh)Cost/(RMB,Yuan/Wh)≤2(Source:MinistryofScienceandTechnology,863Project)OPERATINGTEMPERATURERANGE123China:《QC/T743-2006Lithium-ionBatteryforElectricVehicles》-20℃~55℃.NREL:VRLA0℃~55℃(45℃)NiMH-10℃~40℃(25℃)Li-ion-20℃~60℃(30℃)2006FreedomCar&USABC:TechnoloyDevelopmentRoadmapHEV:-10℃~40℃to-20℃~52℃。TEMPERATUREDIFFERENCEOFABATTERYThelessthetemperaturedifference,thebettertemperaturedistributionLeadstomorefavorableperformanceandlifespanNREL小型的ModulePack:2-3℃大型的Module或Pack：7-8℃1GDUT309温差≤5℃，基本上就可以满足各单体电池保持较好的一致性要求。2THESOURCEOFTHEBATTERYHEATSEI膜的分解1电解液分解2正极分解3负极与电解液的反应4负极与粘合剂的反应5电池热量SOMEFACTSABOUTTHEINTERNALHEATThetemperaturecouldriseto100oCwhilecharging(200oCwhenovercharge)ThiscreatesasubstantialdifferenceoftemperaturePoorheatdistributionleadsimbalancedperformanceofeachindividualcellThermalmanagementreducestemperaturedifferencetolessthan5oCBATTERYOVERHEATISSUESBatteryrecallcasebyEVGlobalMotorsCo.in2002BatteryexplosionincidentsACOMPARISONOFEXISTINGTHERMALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMAircooling(ACS)Liquidcooling(LCS)PhaseChanging（PCM）EaseofuseEasyDifficultEasyIntegrationEasyDifficultEasyEfficiencyLowHighHighTemperaturedropSmallLargeLargeTemperaturedistributeUnevenEvenEvenMaintenanceEasyDifficultEasyLife≥20years3–5years≥20yearsFirstcostLowHighModerateAnnualcostLowHighLowFUNDAMENTALSOFCF/PCM–BTMSCF/PCM–BTMScoolingprinciples圆形电池相变冷却原理CylinderBatteryCF/PCMCoolingPrinciple方形电池相变冷却原理SquareBatteryCF/PCMCoolingPrincipleRELATEDRESEARCHBYOURTEAM(GDUT309)Battery:beforeandafterthefillingofPCM(3.2V/7AH)BeforeFillingofthePCMAfterFillingofthePCMPCM-BTMSCANCONTROLTHEPEAKTEMPERATUREANDKEEPGOODUNIFORMITY.方形锂离子电池表面的最高与最低温度LiFePO4,(3.2V/7Ah,长、宽、高分别是118mm,63mm13mm)SC–Ni–MH,1.2V/2200mAh电池表面温度直径22mm,高度42.5mm)(2)MAXANDMINTEMPERATUREWITHPCMCOOLINGMaxandMintemperatureobtainedwith/withoutPCM有/无PCM时电池表面温度的变化Battery’sSurfaceTemperatureChangewith/WithoutPCMBATTERYPACKTEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTIONTemperaturedifferencebetweencellswithinabatterypack电池组温度分布（模拟值）BatteryPackTemperatureDistribution(SimulationValue)纳米ALN/石蜡复合相变材料用于电池模块图ABatteryModuleUsingNanoALN/paraffinasPCMRELATEDRESEARCHBYINTERNATIONALPEERSNREL:AhmadA.PesaranFoamgraphite/PCMAllCell:SaidAl-HallajDoubleLifeUsingPCM电池模块PCM-BTMSBatteryModuleNRELPCM-BTMS电池模块RELATEDRESEARCHBYINTERNATIONALPEERSPCM-BTMScanreducepeaktemperatureofbatteryandkeepbettertemperatureuniformity环境温度为250C时的温度曲线TheTemperatureCurveat250Cambient环境温度为400C时的温度曲线TheTemperatureCurveat400CambientHEATGENERATEDFROMASINGLECELL各型号单体电池的PCM参数数据各型号单体电池的CF-PCM包覆前后温度控制性能SINGLECELLTESTRESULTUnderthesameheatdiss