新标准大学英语(第二版)综合教程2 Unit 5 B篇练习答案及课文翻译

ContentsActiveReading2WarmingUpDoyouhaveahobby?Parkour(sometimesabbreviatedtoPK)isautilitariandisciplinebaseduponthedirect,successful,swifttraversingofone’ssurroundingenvironmentviathepracticalapplicationoftechniques,basedaroundtheconceptofself-preservation.Itisanon-competitive,physicaldisciplineofFrenchorigininwhichparticipantsrunalongaroute,attemptingtonegotiateobstaclesinthemostefficientwaypossible,usingonlytheirbodies.Skillssuchasjumping,climbing,vaulting,rolling,swingingandwallscalingareemployed.Parkourcanbepracticedanywhere,butareasdensewithobstaclesarepreferableanditismostcommonlypracticedinurbanareas.Now,watchthevideoclipandhavesomefurtherknowledgeaboutparkour.Maybe,someday,itwillbecomeyourhobby.Whoknows?WarmingUpNowhaveadiscussionwithyourpartnersaboutthefollowingsuggestedhobbies.Areyouinterestedinanyofthem?Ordoyoupreferanythingelse?Stateyourreasons.WarmingUpGardeningExplorephotographyMaintainasaltwateraquariumPaintingWarmingUpWritingPlayingpianoPuzzlesKnittingCross-stitchSportsCollectingcoinsNowdoyouwanttostartanewhobby?WarmingUpTextPaintingasapastimeAbouttheauthorOutlineofthetextGotothetextTextWinstonChurchill温斯顿·丘吉尔（英国保守党政治家，著作家，首相）•WinstonChurchill(1874–1965)wasaBritishpoliticianknownchieflyforhisleadershipoftheUnitedKingdomduringtheSecondWorldWar.HeservedasPrimeMinisterfrom1940to1945andagainfrom1951to1955.Churchillwasalsoakeenbricklayer,painterandwriter.Churchillwasalsoakeenbricklayer,painterandwriter.HewastheonlyBritishPrimeMinistertohaveeverwontheNobelPrizeforLiterature(in1953).During1956–1958hecompletedAHistoryoftheEnglishSpeakingPeoples.TextTheroaringlionTextChurchill’spaintingsOutlineofthetextTextPaintingasaPastimeThebenefitsofhobbiesTheprocessofdevelopingahobbyChoosingappropriatehobbiesTheproblemofboredomContrastingviewsofworkandpleasurePaintingasapastime1AgiftedAmericanpsychologisthassaid,“Worryisaspasmoftheemotion;themindcatchesholdofsomethingandwillnotletitgo.”Itisuselesstoarguewiththemindinthiscondition.Thestrongerthewill,themorefutilethetask.Onecanonlygentlyinsinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp.Andifthissomethingelseisrightlychosen,ifitisreallyattendedbytheilluminationofanotherfieldofinterest,gradually,andoftenquiteswiftly,theoldunduegriprelaxesandtheprocessofrecuperationandrepairbegins.Text2Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisthereforeapolicyoffirstimportancetoapublicman.Butthisisnotabusinessthatcanbeundertakeninadayorswiftlyimprovisedbyamerecommandofthewill.Thegrowthofalternativementalinterestsisalongprocess.Theseedsmustbecarefullychosen;theymustfallongoodground;theymustbesedulouslytended,ifthevivifyingfruitsaretobeathandwhenneeded.Text3Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.TextItisnouseofferingthemanuallabourer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsattheweekend.Text4Asfortheunfortunatepeoplewhocancommandeverythingtheywant,whocangratifyeverycapriceandlaytheirhandsonalmosteveryobjectofdesire–forthemanewpleasure,anewexcitementisonlyanadditionalsatiation.Invaintheyrushfranticallyroundfromplacetoplace,tryingtoescapefromavengingboredombymereclatterandmotion.Forthemdisciplineinoneformoranotheristhemosthopefulpath.Text5Itmaybesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:first,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofsustenance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.TextButFortune’sfavouredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasenforcedinterruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.Indeed,itmaywellbethatthosewhoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostneedthemeansofbanishingitatintervalsfromtheirminds.Text■Text绘画消遣（节选）1一位天才美国心理学家说过：“烦恼是感情的发作；此时大脑缠住了某种东西不肯放手。”在这种情况下，和头脑争论（让它放手）是无用的。愿望越强烈，与之争论就越是徒劳。你只能温和地将另一种东西慢慢灌输到痉挛状态的头脑中。如果（这一东西）选得恰当，而且它真的从另一领域的情趣中受到启迪的话，那么逐渐地，往往也是迅速地，原先不适当的“不肯放手”就会慢慢放松，恢复和补救的过程就会开始。Text2因此，对于公众人物而言，培养业余爱好和新的兴趣才是上策。但这并非一日之功，也不是单凭意志力就能做到的事情。精神情趣的培养是一个长期的过程。要想在需要的时候可随手摘取充满生机的果实，种子就必须精挑细选，必须播种在肥沃的土壤里，还必须辛勤地护理。Text3要想真正快乐，真正安全，一个人至少应有两三种业余爱好，而且必须是实际可行的。到了晚年才开始说：“我会培养对这或对那的兴趣