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Unit1“创客”指勇于创新,努力将自己的创意变为现实的人。这个词译自英文单词maker,源于美国麻省理工学院(MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology)微观装配实验室(fabricationlaboratory)的课题。该课题以客户为中心,以创新为理念,由个人设计、制造满足个人需要的智能设备,参与该课题的学生即“创客”。在中国,“创客”特指具有创新理念、自主创业的人。中国的“创客”即包括发明新设备的科技达人,也包括软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优秀代表。Chuangkeisatermthatreferstoinnovativepeoplewhomakeanefforttoturntheircuttingedgeideasintoreality.ThetermistranslatedfromtheEnglishwordmaker,whichisderivedfromthefabricationlaboratoryprojectoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyintheUS.Itisaconsumer-centredproject,emphasizinginnovationanddesignedtoempowerindividualstodevelopandproducesmartdevicestosuitpersonalneeds.Thestudentsparticipatingintheprojectarecalled“makers”.InChina,Chuangkereferstothosewhostarttheirownbusinesseswithinnovativeideas.Chinesemakersincludetech-savvypeoplewhodedicatethemselvestocreatingnewdevicesanddistinguishedinnovatorsinvariousfields,suchassoftwaredevelopers,artistsanddesigners.Unit2每年在“世界读书日”这一天(4月23日),中国各地都会举办“全民阅读,书香中国”的活动,旨在培养全民阅读的风气(ethos),让更多的人知道阅读不只是知识分子、学生的功课,而且是每个人生活方式的一部分。阅读对个人成长的影响是巨大的,一个民族的精神境界在很大程度上也取决于全民的阅读水平。从2014年开始,“全民阅读”连续三年都被写入了中国政府工作报告,因为读书不仅会增强创新力量,而且会增强社会的道德力量。EveryyearonWorldBookDay(April23),activitieson“NationwideReading,IntellectualChina”areorganizedalloverChina,tocultivatetheethosofreadinginthecountryandspreadtheawarenessthatreadingshouldnotonlybeforstudentsandintellectuals,butbepartofeveryone’swayoflife.Readinghasmuchtodowithpersonalgrowth,andthespirituallevelofanationlargelydependsonthereadingperformanceofitspeople.Startingfrom2014,forthreeconsecutiveyears“nation-widereading”hasbeenincludedintheReportontheWorkoftheGovernmentinChina,forreadingisconducivenotonlytoinnovationbutalsotothemoralsenseofsociety.Unit3中国的服装产业需要规范化,中国的服装设计需要创新,中国的元素需要品牌化。我们应该努力超越西方的服装风格,同时打破东方的传统观念,创造出属于中国的风格。这种风格,既不是迎合(caterto)欧美的时尚品味,也不是简单地通过应用纯中国的元素而达到民族复兴(renaissance)的目的。这种风格,是将具有东方风格的各种因素有机地结合在一起的同时,巧妙地融入西式服装的特征。它是中国传统文化与世界多元文化的一种融合。ThereisaneedtostandardizetheclothingindustryinChina.ThereshouldbemoreinnovationsinChinesefashiondesign.Chineseelementsinfashiondesignshouldhavetheirownbrands.WhilewearetryingourbesttotranscendWesternfashionstyles,weshouldalsotrytobreakthroughthetraditionalEasternconcepts,eventuallycreatingastylethatcanbecalledChinese.SuchaChinesestyleneithercaterstoWesternfashiontastesnorsimplyutilizespureChineseelementstoachieveanationalrenaissance.Rather,thisstylefeaturesanorganiccombinationofvariousEasternelements,skillfullyinfusedatthesametimewiththefeaturesofWesternclothes.ItisamergingoftraditionalChinesecultureandmultipleworldcultures.Unit4近年来,中国市场经济的发展使我国科学技术、生产力水平大幅度提高,社会文化事业大力发展,综合国力不断增强。市场经济在提高人民群众生活水平,实现共同富裕的目标中发挥着巨大作用。与改革开放之初相比,中国人的消费习惯和生活方式已发生质的变化,温饱型的消费模式已逐渐被享受型的消费模式所取代,中国已进入(usherin)消费时代。人们对物质财富的追求反过来也大力推动了经济和社会的发展。Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofthemarketeconomyinChina,thelevelofdevelopmentofoursocio-culturalenterprises,aswellasourscienceandtechnologyandourproductivity,hasgreatlyincreased,thusstrengtheningoverallnationalpower.Themarketeconomyalsoplaysanenormousroleinimprovingpeople’slivingstandardsandinfulfillingthegoalofcommonprosperity.Comparedwiththeearlydaysofreformandopeningup,substantialchangeshavetakenplaceinChinesepeople’sspendinghabitsandlifestyles,withconsumptionofbasicfoodandclothingtransformedgraduallytoconsumptionforpleasure,usheringintheconsumptionera.Inturn,thepursuitofmaterialwealthhasalsocontributedtremendouslytoeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Unit5在中国,随着女性社会地位和教育程度的不断提高,越来越多的女性进入了高科技领域。一批杰出的女科学家脱颖而出,她们以自己的聪明才智和对科学的热爱,在各个科技领域赢得了骄人的成绩,成为我国社会进步和经济发展的一支重要力量。2015年,中国女药学家屠呦呦荣获“诺贝尔生理学或医学奖”,实现了我国自然科学领域诺贝尔奖零的突破,大幅提升了我国科学研究的国际影响力。InChina,withtheincreasingimprovementofwomen’ssocialstatusandeducationlevel,moreandmorewomenareenteringthefieldofhightechnology.Anumberofremarkablewomenscientistshavedistinguishedthemselvesineveryscientificfieldandmadeextraordinaryachievementswiththeirintelligence,ingenuityandloveofscience,actingasanimportantforceinthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofChina.In2015,theChinesewomanpharmacologistTuYouyouwontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.Beingthefirstwinnerfromourcountryofthatprizeinthefieldofnaturalscience,shehasgreatlyextendedtheinfluenceofChinesescientificresearchintheinternationalcommunity.Unit6中国古代的史官(historiographer)制度,起源很早。有证据表明,至少在商代,我国已出现了史官和官方记事制度。早期史官记载虽然只是一种简单的史实记录,而非严格意义上的史学,却为后人研究古史留下了重要的文献资料。应当指出,在古代,这类官方记事制度并非中国所独有,但只有中国古代的史官制度一直沿用下来。就其本意而言,这种史官记事制度不仅在于系统记载和保存文献史料,实际上还负有监督最高统治者的责任。HistoriographyinChinacandatebacktoveryancienttimes.Thereisevidencethat,asearlyastheShangDynasty,historiographersandtheofficialrecordingofeventshadbecomeinstitutionalized.Althoughtheearlyhistoriographersmadeverysimplerecordsofhistoricalevents,nothistoriographyinthestrictsense,theyleftimportanthistoricaldocumentsandinformationforlatergenerationsinstudyingancienthistory.Itshouldbepointedoutthatinancienttimes,theinstitutionofsuchofficialrecordingofeventswasnotuniquetoChina,butonlyinChinawasitpreservedforseveralthousandyears.Asforitsinitialpurpose,historiographersrecordedeventsnotonlytosystematicallyrecordandpreservehistoricaldocumentsandmate
本文标题:新标准大学英语四汉译英翻译
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